Screening of exosomal microRNAs from colorectal cancer cells

Clancy, Cillian; Khan, Sonja; Glynn, Claire L.; Holian, Emma; Dockery, Peter; Lalor, Pierce; Brown, James A. L.; Joyce, Myles R.; Kerin, Michael J.; Dwyer, Róisín M.

doi:10.3233/cbm-160659

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These miRNAs are also elevated in serum-derived EVs of CRC patients [76]. Other studies have also found miR-1246 to be upregulated in EVs derived from a number of in vitro cell lines [78,86]. Additionally, Ji et al found elevation of miR-19a and miR-203a in A33-positive EVs isolated from CRC cell line culture compared to CRC cell lysate.…”

Section: Ev-mirnas In Crc Cell Lines and Tumour Tissuementioning

confidence: 93%

Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Early Colorectal Cancer—A Review

Desmond

Dennett

Danielson

2019

Cancers

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the developed world, with global deaths expected to double in the next decade. Disease stage at diagnosis is the single greatest prognostic indicator for long-term survival. Unfortunately, early stage CRC is often asymptomatic and diagnosis frequently occurs at an advanced stage, where long-term survival can be as low as 14%. Circulating microRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently come to prominence as novel diagnostic markers for cancer. EV-miRNAs are dysregulated in the circulation of CRC patients compared to healthy controls, and several specific miRNA candidates have been posited as diagnostic markers, including miR-21, miR-23a, miR-1246, and miR-92a. This review outlines the current landscape of EV-miRNAs as potential diagnostic markers for CRC, with a specific focus on those able to detect early stage disease.

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Section: Ev-mirnas In Crc Cell Lines and Tumour Tissuementioning

confidence: 93%

Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Early Colorectal Cancer—A Review

Desmond

Dennett

Danielson

2019

Cancers

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“…To confirm the presence of EVs, morphological examination of fixed EVs embedded in resin was performed as previously described [26]. Briefly, a primary fixative (2% glutaraldehyde, 2% paraformaldehyde in a 0.1 M sodium cacodylate/HCL buffer, pH 7.2) was added to samples prior to ultracentrifugation, and following isolation, EVs were immersed in a secondary fixative (1% osmium tetroxide), dehydrated in alcohol, and embedded in resin.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, a primary fixative (2% glutaraldehyde, 2% paraformaldehyde in a 0.1 M sodium cacodylate/HCL buffer, pH 7.2) was added to samples prior to ultracentrifugation, and following isolation, EVs were immersed in a secondary fixative (1% osmium tetroxide), dehydrated in alcohol, and embedded in resin. Resin slices were then loaded onto a copper grid, stained, and viewed using an Hitachi H7000 transmission electron microscope [26].…”

Section: Characterisation Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Potential and Pitfalls of EV-Encapsulated MicroRNAs as Circulating Biomarkers of Breast Cancer

Moloney

Gilligan

Joyce

et al. 2020

Cells

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shuttle microRNA (miRNA) throughout the circulation and are believed to represent a fingerprint of the releasing cell. We isolated and characterized serum EVs of breast tumour-bearing animals, breast cancer (BC) patients, and healthy controls. EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), protein quantification, western blotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Absolute quantitative (AQ)-PCR was employed to analyse EV-miR-451a expression. Isolated EVs had the appropriate morphology and size. Patient sera contained significantly more EVs than did healthy controls. In tumour-bearing animals, a correlation between serum EV number and tumour burden was observed. There was no significant relationship between EV protein yield and EV quantity determined by NTA, highlighting the requirement for direct quantification. Using AQ-PCR to relate miRNA copy number to EV yield, a significant increase in miRNA-451a copies/EV was detected in BC patient sera, suggesting potential as a novel biomarker of breast cancer.

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“…For example, miR‐375 targets genes that play a key role in regulating signaling pathways, such as mitogen‐activated protein kinase, Wnt, TGF‐β, and by these ways, it results in inhibition of CRC progression . Moreover, miR‐379 in HT‐29 and HCT‐116, as two well‐known CRC cell lines, also decreases cell proliferation and migration …”

Section: Exosomes In Crc Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53,54 Moreover, miR-379 in HT-29 and HCT-116, as two well-known CRC cell lines, also decreases cell proliferation and migration. 55 Furthermore, the study of plasma samples from patients with CRC and also SW480 and WiDr cell lines in vitro has shown that miR-21, as a CRC-derived exosomal miRNA, can promote cell proliferation and progression and also can induce CRC metastasis and, therefore, it can be used as a poor prognosis CRC biomarker. 56 Studies related to the functions of different miRNAs in CRC-derived exosomes are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Exosomes In Crc Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes and their importance in metastasis, diagnosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer

Cheshomi

Matin

2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Extracellular vesicles are known as actual intermediaries of intercellular communications, such as biological signals and cargo transfer between different cells. A variety of cells release the exosomes as nanovesicular bodies. Exosomes contain different compounds such as several types of nucleic acids and proteins. In this study, we focused on exosomes in colorectal cancer as good tools that can be involved in various cancer‐related processes. Furthermore, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of exosome extraction methods and review related studies on the role of exosomes in colorectal cancer. Finally, we focus on reports available on relations between mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomes and colorectal cancer. Several cancer‐related processes such as cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer are related to the cargoes of exosomes. A variety of molecules, especially proteins, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, play important roles in these processes. The microenvironment features, such as hypoxia, also have very important effects on the properties of the origin cell–derived exosomes. On the other hand, exosomes derived from colorectal cancer cells also interfere with cancer chemoresistance. Furthermore, today it is known that exosomes and their contents can likely be very effective in noninvasive colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy. Thus, exosomes, and especially their cargoes, play different key roles in various aspects of basic and clinical research related to both progression and therapy of colorectal cancer.

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Screening of exosomal microRNAs from colorectal cancer cells

Abstract: Colorectal cancer cells secrete a large number of miRNAs within exosomes. miR-379 decreases cell proliferation and migration, and miR-379 enriched exosomes can be engineered.

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Early Colorectal Cancer—A Review

Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Early Colorectal Cancer—A Review

Investigating the Potential and Pitfalls of EV-Encapsulated MicroRNAs as Circulating Biomarkers of Breast Cancer

Exosomes and their importance in metastasis, diagnosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer

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