Screening of Multi-Drug and Metal Resistant Aeromonas Species from Diverse Sources

Abstract

Abstract:The abuse of antibiotics in the modern era, lead the microorganisms to develop resistance. Antibiotic resistance becomes the part of natural selection in bacteria which allows them to survive in different environments. Bacteria like Aeromonas are able to adapt to changes in the environment such as an increase in antibiotic concentration, which often results in the development of mutations allowing them to survive in unfavourable conditions. The origin of antibiotic resistance in the environment is relevant to human health and there is an urgent need for predicting emerging resistant pathogenic microorganisms. As Aeromonas sp. has been reported as emerging pathogen, the multi-drug resistance was screened for the Aeromonas isolates obtained from fish intestine, clinical and environmental sources, against commercially available antibiotics and it was found that 95% of the isolates developed resistance towards atleast one antibiotic. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations is a relevant field of study in molecular and evolutionary biology as well as in medical practice. The minimum inhibitory concentration of metals were performed for the isolates and it revealed that silver nitrate at 250 µM and copper sulphate at 8 mM concentration inhibited the growth of isolates. Further the metal resistance encoding genes, silP and copA were screened and it was found to be positive in 70% and 43% of the isolates, respectively.

Dental Plaque Microbial Resistomes of Periodontal Health and Disease and Their Changes after Scaling and Root Planing Therapy

“…A recent study, however, showed a high frequency of silver-resistant genes in endodontic bacteria ( 22 ). Notably, over the past few decades, the coselection phenomenon of ARGs and MRGs frequently has been observed in a variety of environments ( 23 , 24 ). Heavy-metal pollution in the natural environment can play a significant role in maintaining and enhancing antibiotic resistance ( 25 – 28 ).…”

Co-occurrence of antibiotic and metal resistance genes revealed in complete genome collection

“…At sites characterized by both high antibiotic and metal burden, such as soil and water impacted by agriculture and aquaculture, coselection has frequently been observed (Ji et al, 2012;Seiler and Berendonk, 2012;Zhu et al, 2013). Moreover, the coselection phenomenon has been exemplified in the bacterial communities inhabiting the human body (Davis et al, 2005;Amsaveni et al, 2015). Another challenge faced by the public for antibiotic and metal resistance coselection is the cotransfer of ARGs and MRGs via MGEs (mobile gene elements), which has been realized in various habitats, such as human gut (Broaders et al, 2013;Ma et al, 2016), animal gut and impacted soil (Johnson et al, 2016;Losada et al, 2016), sediment (Rosewarne et al, 2010) and sludge (Gaze et al, 2011).…”

Multi-Drug Resistance in Bacterial Genomes—A Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis

“…Meanwhile, the co-selection of resistance genes with genes coding for other characteristics has occurred, for example, such is the case for heavy metal tolerance genes [15] 2 of 12 and virulence genes [16]. Co-selection of antibiotic resistance with heavy metals has already been observed in metagenomic samples as in animals [17,18], soils [19], water [20], and also at the genomic level, for instance, in bacteria of the genus Aeromonas [21] and Vibrio parahaemolyticus [18].…”