Screening of pesticides and veterinary drugs in small streams in the European Union by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry

Casado, J.; Brigden, Kevin; Santillo, David; Johnston, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.207

Cited by 127 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Main drivers of the chronic mixture toxicity for the aquatic flora were again different herbicides as well as fungicides, the preservative triclosan and the antibiotics clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole. This is consistent with previous studies, which also found high pesticide risks particularly caused by herbicides, which were frequently detected in surface waters across Europe [35,[38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Drivers Of Mixture Toxicitysupporting

confidence: 93%

Mixture toxicity in the Erft River: assessment of ecological risks and toxicity drivers

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: A vast number of chemical substances are released into the aquatic environment, leading to complex chemical mixtures in surface waters. Current water quality assessments, however, are based on the risk assessment of single substances. To consider potential mixture effects in water quality assessments, the North Rhine Westphalian State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection (LANUV), Germany started a project assessing mixture toxicity in surface waters. This article summarises the mixture evaluation of chemical data collected by the Erftverband during a water sampling campaign in the Erft River in 2016/2017. Altogether, 153 substances were included in the analysis, of which 98 were detected. Two different approaches based on the concept of concentration addition were used to analyse the data. The results were compared to findings based on datasets from LANUV surveillance monitoring according to the EU Water Framework Directive. Results: Acute and chronic mixture risk calculations indicated risks for 32% and up to 90% of the samples, respectively. The greatest acute toxic pressure was identified for the aquatic flora due to continuous exposure to varying pesticides, whereas the greatest chronic mixture risk was identified for fish as result of a ubiquitous presence of the pharmaceuticals diclofenac and ibuprofen. Overall, only a limited number of substances significantly contributed to the calculated mixture risks. However, these substances varied seasonally and regionally. When mixture risks were calculated based on different datasets, the monitoring design markedly affected the outcome of the mixture risk assessment. Data gaps of both ecotoxicological and exposure data lead to high uncertainties in the mixture risk assessment. Conclusions: Ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms caused by chemical mixtures can be expected along the Erft River throughout the year. Both mixture risk assessment approaches can be used for a conservative assessment of mixture risks and characterise the aquatic pollution in the river more realistically than single substance assessments. For the integration of mixture risk evaluations into the assessment and management of the chemical water quality, a two-staged assessment combining both approaches is suggested. To improve future risk assessments, the accessibility and exchange of high-quality ecotoxicological data should be enhanced.

show abstract

Section: Drivers Of Mixture Toxicitysupporting

confidence: 93%

Mixture toxicity in the Erft River: assessment of ecological risks and toxicity drivers

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Changing and differential use has had a strong impact on the concentrations of herbicides in the aquatic environment. Nevertheless, herbicides are the main contributor to the total amount (expressed in μg/L) of pesticides present in aquatic ecosystems (Casado et al 2019). The most frequently detected herbicides present in the highest concentrations in source waters in the USA in 1999-2000 had a photosynthesis-inhibiting mode of action (Coupe and Blomquist 2004).…”

Section: Concentrations Of Herbicides In the Aquatic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herbicides are often well soluble in water to increase the systemic uptake by plants. This increases the chances of transport and discharges into water, and consequently, a wide variety of herbicides often exceed environmental quality standards (EQS) and regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) in European surface waters (Moschet et al 2014;Schreiner et al 2016;Casado et al 2019). Hence, herbicides are expected to have a significant effect on aquatic ecosystem functioning (Moschet et al 2014;Knauer 2016;Schreiner et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide Exposure and Toxicity to Aquatic Primary Producers

Vonk

Kraak

2020

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the present review was to give an overview of the current state of science concerning herbicide exposure and toxicity to aquatic primary producers. To this end we assessed the open literature, revealing the widespread presence of (mixtures of) herbicides, inevitably leading to the exposure of non-target primary producers. Yet, herbicide concentrations show strong temporal and spatial variations. Concerning herbicide toxicity, it was concluded that the most sensitive as well as the least sensitive species differed per herbicide and that the observed effect concentrations for some herbicides were rather independent from the exposure time. More extensive ecotoxicity testing is required, especially considering macrophytes and marine herbicide toxicity. Hence, it was concluded that the largest knowledge gap concerns the effects of sediment-associated herbicides on primary producers in the marine/estuarine environment. Generally, there is no actual risk of waterborne herbicides to aquatic primary producers. Still, median concentrations of atrazine and especially of diuron measured in China, the USA and Europe represented moderate risks for primary producers. Maximum concentrations due to misuse and accidents may even cause the exceedance of almost 60% of the effect concentrations plotted in SSDs. Using bioassays to determine the effect of contaminated water and sediment and to identify the herbicides of concern is a promising addition to chemical analysis, especially for the photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides using photosynthesis as endpoint in the bioassays. This review concluded that to come to a reliable herbicide hazard and risk assessment, an extensive catch-up must be made concerning macrophytes, the marine environment and especially sediment as overlooked and understudied environmental compartments.

show abstract

“…63 A recent analysis of water samples in a number of European rivers and canals confirmed the presence of a hundred different pesticides, one-fifth of which have been banned in the EU for years. 64 This brief review bears witness to the variety of the agencies regulating pesticides at national and international levels. This disparate array of legal structures, administrative procedures, treaties, information systems and convention standards has been dubbed the "molecular bureaucracy."…”

Section: Fragmented Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction. Pesticides: Past and Present

Sánchez

2019

HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical agents have been employed in pest control for centuries, but during the second half of the nineteenth century their use intensified considerably. The increasing international commerce of seeds and crops, the expansion of monoculture across the planet, and the new modes of circulation provided by the new motorized transports (trains, cars, modern ships) led to a global spread of new pests, which explains, at least in part, the intensification of the use of chemical pesticides in agriculture. At the turn of the twentieth century, the use of arsenic compounds, copper salts and nicotine extracts was already a common practice in many parts of the world. Moreover, these agents were part of the processes of specialization and intensification in agriculture, which introduced new forms of land ownership and mechanized production and also expanded the modes of irrigation, the use of agrochemicals such as synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, and plant breeding techniques. Since the end of the World War II, synthetic pesticides have been essential elements of the intensification of agriculture and the so-called Introduction.

show abstract

Screening of pesticides and veterinary drugs in small streams in the European Union by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry

Cited by 127 publications

References 64 publications

Mixture toxicity in the Erft River: assessment of ecological risks and toxicity drivers

Mixture toxicity in the Erft River: assessment of ecological risks and toxicity drivers

Herbicide Exposure and Toxicity to Aquatic Primary Producers

Introduction. Pesticides: Past and Present

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About