Screening of Pig-Derived Zearalenone-Degrading Bacteria through the Zearalenone Challenge Model, and Their Degradation Characteristics

Abstract

Zearalenone (ZEN) is widely found in food and feed. Its cytotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, genetic toxicity, immunotoxicity and hepatorenal toxicity have serious impacts on human and animal health. In order to help animals avoid ZEN poisoning in feed, ZEN-degrading bacterial strains were screened from fecal samples through a zearalenone challenge pig model, and their degradation characteristics were researched. Through the optimization of parameters such as the culture time, pH value, temperature, and strain concentration, the optimal conditions for the ZEN-degrading ability of these strains were preliminarily determined, and the active site of the ZEN degradation was explored. In this study, three strains (SY-3, SY-14, SY-20) with high ZEN degradation capacities were obtained. SY-3 was identified as Proteus mirabilis, and its main degrading component was the supernatant. SY-14 and SY-20 were identified as Bacillus subtilis. Their main degrading components were the intracellular fluid of SY-14, and the intracellular fluid and cell wall of SY-20. The above results showed that the ZEN challenge model was an effective way to screen ZEN-degrading bacteria.

Longitudinal Investigation of the Native Grass Hay from Storage to Market Reveals Mycotoxin-Associated Fungi

“…DON and ZEN are widely found in foods and feeds. Fusarium species, including Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium tricinctum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium sernitectum, and Fusarium solani, are the primary strains that could directly produce the DON and ZEN toxins [31,32], and the animals' health will be seriously endangered once DON-contaminated feed is consumed [33]. However, in the present, the abundance of Fusarium was not observed, because it was lower than 1‰ (data not shown).…”

Isolation and Characterization of the Zearalenone-Degrading Strain, Bacillus spizizenii B73, Inspired by Esterase Activity

“…As illustrated in Figure 2 A, the colonies of B73 were transparent, viscous, convex and circular with smooth edges. Upon Gram staining, the cells of B73 exhibited a rod-shaped morphology with a purple color, indicating that it was a Gram-positive bacillus ( Figure 2 B,C) and possibly a member of the eponymous genus [ 20 ].…”

“…Based on a previously reported method [ 20 ], the genomic DNA of strain B73 was extracted using the E.Z.N.A. Bacterial DNA Kit (Omega Bio-Tek Inc., Norcross, GA, USA).…”

A novel glycosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis achieves zearalenone detoxification by diglycosylation modification

“…This is similar to the degradation of ZEN by B. subtilis SY-14 and SY-20. 32 The optimal growth pH of B. subtilis is 7, and the pH of pollution sources (feed or grains) is approximately 7, 31,32 indicating that YQ-1 has a good degradation effect in practical applications.…”