Screening of Solvents, Hydrogen Source, and Investigation of Reaction Mechanism for the Hydrocyclisation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone Using Ni/SiO2–Al2O3 Catalyst

Gundekari, Sreedhar; Srinivasan, Kannan

doi:10.1007/s10562-018-2618-7

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Compared to transesterification, esterification is more favourable, and thus LA showed higher conversion than levulinic esters and this is in accordance with our earlier report with evidence on cyclization of LA and its esters for Gvl production. [19,26] Furthermore, an increase in the chain length (from MeL to BuL) influences the diffusion of the molecules (besides subtle increase in the molecular hydrophobicity) affects the approach of molecule to the active acidic centres of the zeolite and thus could be reason for the reduced activity. Interestingly, in all three levulinic esters, nearly 3-5 % of LA as side product was formed probably due to acidic hydrolysis of levulinic esters using H 2 O formed during the reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Arylated γ‐Valerolactones from Bio‐based Levulinic Acid with Aromatics Using H‐β Zeolite Catalyst

Gundekari

Srinivasan

2019

ChemCatChem

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Catalytic coupling of biomass-based molecules to value-added chemical intermediates is an interesting area in biomass research. Arylated γ-valerolactones (Agvls), promising pharmaceutical intermediates that have significant biological activity, are primarily synthesized currently through petro-route. In this paper, we report successful biomass-based synthesis of Agvls using levulinic acid (LA) and oxygen or sulphur-substituted aromatics over H-β zeolite as catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Under optimized condition, LA and anisole render 90 % conversion of former with 82 % yield of para-substituted γlactone. CÀ C bond formation followed by intra-molecular esterification is witnessed in the course of the reaction, which is highly chemo-and regioselective. Though catalyst deactivated while reuse due to deposition of organic carbon moieties as deduced from several physicochemical techniques, it could be regenerated by simple calcination.[a] Dr.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Arylated γ‐Valerolactones from Bio‐based Levulinic Acid with Aromatics Using H‐β Zeolite Catalyst

Gundekari

Srinivasan

2019

ChemCatChem

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“…The obtained levulinic acid could be further converted to GVL in THF medium. For example, 100% yield of GVL could be produced using molecular H 2 over Ni/SA catalyst in THF medium, whereas much lower yield was found in water medium (Gundekari and Srinivasan, 2019).…”

Section: Levulinic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of H2O/Tetrahydrofuran System in Lignocellulose Valorization

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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Lignocellulosic biomass as a potential alternative to fossil resource for the production of valuable chemicals and fuels has attracted substantial attention, while reducing the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is still challenging due to the complex and cross-linking structure of biomass. Solvent system plays important roles in the pretreatment of lignocellulose, enabling the transformation of solid biomass to liquid fluid with better mass and heat transfer, as well as in the selective formation of target products. In particular, H 2 O/tetrahydrofuran (H 2 O/THF) system has recently been widely applied in lignocellulose valorization, which has been proved to exhibit outstanding efficiency for the conversion of lignocellulose, solubilization of the intermediates and products, and shifting reaction equilibrium, thereby significantly improving the yield and selectivity of target products, as well as the full utilization of lignocellulose. In addition, THF shows low toxicity, and is known as a renewable solvent which can be produced from bio-derived chemicals. Herein, this review concentrates on the advances of H 2 O/THF system in lignocellulose valorization in recent years. Several aspects relative to the roles of H 2 O/THF system are discussed as follows: the pretreatment of lignin, conversion of hemicellulose and cellulose components in lignocelluloses, and the promoting formation of valuable chemicals like furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), levulinic acid, and so on, as well as the inhibiting role in humins formation. This review might provide useful information for the design of effective solvent system in full utilization of lignocellulosic biomass.

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“…required that varies depending on the catalyst employed. [167,173] The future work in this area should focus on developing robust, selective, and inexpensive catalysts that will be able to get GVL in satisfactory yield under environment-friendly conditions starting from crude LA or directly from carbohydrate feedstock. The LA to GVL conversion process being well-studied, the commercial feasibility of GVL production or its downstream value addition largely relies on the scalability of producing LA and its cost.…”

Section: La To Aglmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overpressure of hydrogen gas (ca. 1–50 bar) is required that varies depending on the catalyst employed [167,173] . The future work in this area should focus on developing robust, selective, and inexpensive catalysts that will be able to get GVL in satisfactory yield under environment‐friendly conditions starting from crude LA or directly from carbohydrate feedstock.…”

Section: Chemical Modification Of Both Ketone and Carboxylic Acid Functionality In Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Value Addition of Biomass‐Derived Levulinic Acid: A Review Focusing on its Chemical Reactivity Patterns

Dutta

Bhat

2021

ChemCatChem

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Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the most prominent biomass‐derived chemical building blocks that can be transformed into specialty chemicals like fuels, solvents, monomers for polymers, plasticizers, surfactants, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Over the past three decades, an enormous amount of research data have been acquired on the preparation and downstream value addition of LA, and these works have been reviewed. However, considering the astonishing number of publications appearing every year on LA derivatives, the periodical review of recent works focusing on unique aspects of chemistry must be undertaken to critically evaluate the achievements to date, reassess the challenges, and recognize new opportunities. This review discusses the chemical‐catalytic synthesis of various derivatives of LA by focusing on its functionalities and reactivity patterns. Recent literature on some crucial derivatives such as γ‐valerolactone, 4,4’‐diphenolic acid, and ethyl levulinate have been tabulated and discussed. The synthetic interconversion between various derivatives, mechanistic insights, critical analysis of the reaction parameters toward selective preparation of various derivatives, and their potential commercial applications have been elaborated using predominantly heterogeneous catalysts. A critical assessment of the relative advantages and shortcomings of the existing synthetic strategies for various derivatives of LA has been presented to enkindle fresh ideas.

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Screening of Solvents, Hydrogen Source, and Investigation of Reaction Mechanism for the Hydrocyclisation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone Using Ni/SiO2–Al2O3 Catalyst

Cited by 28 publications

References 55 publications

Chemo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Arylated γ‐Valerolactones from Bio‐based Levulinic Acid with Aromatics Using H‐β Zeolite Catalyst

Chemo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Arylated γ‐Valerolactones from Bio‐based Levulinic Acid with Aromatics Using H‐β Zeolite Catalyst

The Roles of H2O/Tetrahydrofuran System in Lignocellulose Valorization

Recent Advances in the Value Addition of Biomass‐Derived Levulinic Acid: A Review Focusing on its Chemical Reactivity Patterns

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