Screening of the adsorption behavior of new chemicals: Natural soils and model adsorbents

Rippen, Gerd; Ilgenstein, M.; Klöpffer, Walter; Poremski, Heinz-Jochen

doi:10.1016/0147-6513(82)90014-8

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Only nondissociated PCP can evaporate, and it may be assumed that only nondissociated PCP can be sorbed onto sediment [21,22]. The dissociation constant, pK,, for PCP is 4.8 to 4.9 [23,24] and the pH of the pond water was found to vary from 7.3 to 10.3 (mean 8.4).…”

Section: Predicted Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and biological effects of pentachlorophenol in outdoor ponds

Crossland

Wolff

1985

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Various laboratory methods and mathematical models are being developed to assess the hazards of chemicals to aquatic environments. Although the approach is generally accepted, many of the methods and models have not been validated by comparison with field observations. In this study we compared predictions of the fate and biological effects of a reference compound, pentachlorophenol (PCP), with observations in experimental outdoor ponds. PCP was repeatedly applied to the subsurface water of three ponds with the aim of maintaining an average concentration of 50 to 100 μg/L in the water for a period of 30 d. At this dosage level chronic toxicity to some organisms was expected. Evaporation, sorption, hydrolysis, biodegradation and indirect phototransformation of PCP were expected to be of minor importance under the environmental conditions encountered in the ponds. The partition coefficient of PCP between water and wet sediment was predicted to be near unity and the dominant loss process to be direct phototransformation. The rate of this process was calculated using the SOLAR mathematical model. Data used for this calculation were the light absorption spectrum of PCP, the quantum yield for the light‐activated reaction, depth and light attenuation of pond water, season and latitude. After correcting for cloud cover, the calculated rate constant was 0.23 to 0.46 d−1. In good agreement with the calculations, the observed rate of loss was 0.15 to 0.34 d−1, and there was no evidence of accumulation in sediment. The results of chronic toxicity tests with various species of fish, two species of snail and the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna Straus were consistent with field observations. Chronic toxicity to filamentous algae (Chara sp. and Enteromorpha sp.) was observed in the field, and their death and decay were responsible for depression of dissolved oxygen concentrations and fish deaths. Direct effects on filamentous algae and the indirect effects caused by their death and decay could not be predicted in the absence of relevant laboratory data.

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Section: Predicted Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and biological effects of pentachlorophenol in outdoor ponds

Crossland

Wolff

1985

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…2,4-D was present as an anion that did not or only weakly sorb in this form. 9 Another process may be of more importance.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Models predicting the fate of pollutants in rivers

Brlüggemann¹,

Trapp²

1991

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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The spill of 2,4,-D in the Rhine river was used to show the evolution from simple to sophisticated models. The first simulation was done with an analytical solution of the dispersion-advection equation without elimination. Elimination was introduced in a second simulation. The third simulation was carried out with a numerical model. This included elimination and variable dispersion. The lack of data limited the use of very detailed models.

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“…Thus, providing only indirect evidence and urging the need for advanced monitoring techniques with a possibility to clearly demarcate the extent of degradation to the various processes active in the field [48]. Vapour pressure 4.5 9 10 -5 at 25°C c 3.6 9 10 -7 at 20°C c 4.2 9 10 -5 at 20°C c 3.5 9 10 -5 at 25°C c Henry's Law constant 6.86 9 10 -6b 4.5 9 10 -7b 3.5 9 10 -6b 2.1 9 10 -7b a [22], b [23], c [24], d [25], e [26], f [27], g [28] , h [29] Amongst all the methods that are available today for assessing the degradation of HCH isomers, compound specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) appears to be the most promising technique developed within the last two decades [49,50]. This technique aims to measure the stable isotope ratios in comparison to standard compounds and is serving as a potential technique for successful assessment of biodegradation of organic contaminants in aquifers [49].…”

Section: Hch Isomers Persistence Degradation and Detection: A Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis: Implications in Hexachlorocyclohexane in-vitro and Field Assessment

2016

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Assessment of biotic and abiotic degradation reactions by studying the variation in stable isotopic compositions of organic contaminants in contaminated soil and aquifers is being increasingly considered during the last two decades with development of Compound specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) technique. CSIA has been recognized as a potential tool for evaluating both qualitative and quantitative degradation with measurement of shifts in isotope ratios of contaminants and their degradation products as its basis. Amongst a wide variety of environmental pollutants including monoaromatics, chlorinated ethenes and benzenes etc., it is only recently that its efficacy is being tested for assessing biodegradation of a noxious pollutant namely hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), by pure microbial cultures as well as directly at the field site. Anticipating the increase in demand of this technique for monitoring the microbial degradation along with natural attenuation, this review highlights the basic problems associated with HCH contamination emphasizing the applicability of emerging CSIA technique to absolve the major bottlenecks in assessment of HCH. To this end, the review also provides a brief overview of this technique with summarizing the recent revelations put forward by both in vitro and in situ studies by CSIA in monitoring HCH biodegradation.

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Screening of the adsorption behavior of new chemicals: Natural soils and model adsorbents

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Fate and biological effects of pentachlorophenol in outdoor ponds

Fate and biological effects of pentachlorophenol in outdoor ponds

Models predicting the fate of pollutants in rivers

Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis: Implications in Hexachlorocyclohexane in-vitro and Field Assessment

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