Screening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars against cadmium through shotgun approach

Abstract

Ten tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars K-25, K-21, NTS-9, Kaveri, NBR-Uday, Swarnodya, Sarvodya, NBR-Uttam, Malti, and S-22 were soaked (i.e., shotgun approach) in various concentrations of CdCl 2 (0.0, 50, 100 or 150 mM) for variable durations (0, 4, 8, or 12 h) with the aim of finding out the degree of tolerance. The data obtained at 30 days after sowing indicated that all the growth and photosynthetic characteristics were decreased significantly as the concentration of cadmium increased irrespective of soaking duration. All the cultivars differ widely in their ability to tolerate the Cd stress. The variety S-22 could not survive in the presence of any Cd concentrations, the variety Sarvodya, NBR-Uttam, and Malti experienced severe damage; however, the variety Kaveri, NBR-Uday and Swarnodya were moderately affected. Moreover the variety K-25, K-21 and NTS-9 showed the maximum resistance to cadmium concentrations.

Response of Different Tomato Accessions to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

“…In contrast, the two sensitive accessions (AC32 and AC56) were negatively affected by both Cd stress treatments, particularly in the Cd+Soil treatment, morphological traits and leaf phytochemical contents were reduced. Similar results were found by (Hasan et al, 2009;Lima et al, 2017;Borges et al, 2019) and Cd concentration in the fruits recorded the higher levels, which are more than the threshold value, which is 0.100 ppm (Ishaq et al, 2020;Romero-Estévez et al, 2020). Arduini et al, (2004) indicated that the root surface plasma membranes become hyperpolarized when cadmium levels are low, and increasing the trans-membrane potential, which is an energy source for cation uptake.…”

“…In the case of high levels of Cd, it causes cell damage through the loss of cellular turgor brought on by the physiological drought caused by Cd. Since the ability of the cell wall to grow affects how much the cell grows, as the cell wall grows, the cell will grow less, and the size of the cell will shrink (Hasan et al, 2009). The effect of Cd toxicity in plants is to reduce growth processes and hence a decrease in photosynthetic apparatus activity.…”

“…After 30 days, results showed that the tolerance of all cultivars to Cd stress varied. The genotypes of K-25, K-21 and NTS-9 displayed the maximum resistance to cadmium stress, while the genotypes of Sarvodya, NBR-Uttam, and Malti experienced severe damages(Hasan et al, 2009). In the case of Cd accumulation in tomato plant parts,Gratão et al (2015) stated that the majority of Cd accumulated in the root when compared to the leaves Nogueirol et al (2016).…”

Salicylic Acid Signals Plant Defence against Cadmium Toxicity

“…Cadmium can be absorbed easily by plant roots, and transported to plant shoots, leading to various visible toxic symptoms, such as growth retardation, wilting, leaf chlorosis, and cell death [8,9]. The mechanisms of Cd toxicity include replacing and inactivating essential elements and destroying protein structure, thereby interfering with various physiological processes, such as photosynthesis [10], respiration [11], element assimilation [12], and cell division [13]. To defend against Cd injury, plants utilize many coordinated strategies, such as binding Cd to the cell wall [14], vacuolar retention through chelation via phytochelatins (PCs) [15] and upregulation of the antioxidant system [16].…”

Screening of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Germplasm for Chilling Stress Tolerance during Two Growing Seasons

“…Some other researchers such as Shaheen et al (2015) worked on Morphophysiological evaluation of tomato genotypes under high temperature stress conditions. Similarly, Hasan et al (2009) After going through literature review it was observed that much work has been done in the area in one and another form but could not find the specific work for screening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) germplasm for chilling stress tolerance using morpho-biochemical parameters.…”