Screening of WAG Injection Strategies for Heterogeneous Reservoirs

Surguchev, L.M.; Korbøl, Ragnhild; Haugen, Sigurd; Krakstad, O.S.

doi:10.2118/25075-ms

Cited by 56 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In general, there are a number of factors affecting the performance of the WAG process including the degree of reservoir heterogeneity, in-situ fluid properties, injection technique, miscibility conditions and other WAG parameters such as the individual gas and water slug sizes and their size ratio (WAG ratio), number of injection cycles and injection rates [77][78][79]. Similar to other EOR processes, the WAG flooding has a number of advantages and disadvantages that will be presented and discussed below.…”

Section: Wag Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscible Displacement Oil Recovery

Hinai¹,

Saeedi²

2022

Enhanced Oil Recovery - Selected Topics

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Miscible gas injection (MGI) is an effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method used worldwide often for light oil recovery. In the petroleum industry, many MGI processes typically involve injection of an associated gas (AG) mixture or CO2, which have both been recognised as excellent candidates for such processes. The initial part of this chapter provides a broad introduction and background to the EOR techniques used worldwide as well as those implemented in Oman oil fields and briefly discusses their critical importance. Oman is one of the most active countries in terms of successful MGI processes in the Middle East, hence the emphasis given in this chapter to such projects in this country. The second part covers the technical details of the MGI process and the potential problems and challenges associated with it, while the third part focuses mainly on the common techniques used to control gas mobility during gas flooding including MGI. The impediments and challenges for wider application of the mobility control techniques are also covered. The last section presents a sample feasibility evaluation for a real oil field around the implementation of mobility control techniques for an MGI process.

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Section: Wag Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscible Displacement Oil Recovery

Hinai¹,

Saeedi²

2022

Enhanced Oil Recovery - Selected Topics

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“…Począwszy od pierwszych testów w późnych latach 60. opublikowano setki prac eksperymentalnych dotyczących wielu czynników i mechanizmów wpływających na efektywność procesu WAG, takich jak: parametry złożowe, np. zwilżalność skał zbiornikowych (Huang i Holm, 1988;Skauge i Aarra, 1993) i ich heterogeniczność (Surguchev et al, 1992;van Lingen et al, 1996;Hoare i Coll, 2018); właściwości zatłaczanych płynów, np. zasolenie (Zolfaghari et al, 2013;Al-Shalabi et al, 2014) czy rodzaj zatłaczanego gazu (Kulkarni i Rao, 2005;Ghafoori et al, 2012); parametry procesowe WAG, np.…”

Section: Badania Eksperymentalne Procesu Wagunclassified

Ocena efektywności ekonomicznej procesu WAG na podstawie danych eksperymentalnych dla jednego z krajowych złóż ropy naftowej

Wojnicki¹,

Kuśnierczyk²,

Szuflita³

et al. 2021

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The challenge related to the need for an increase of the recovery factor concerns numerous mature, also domestic oilfields, including the most important ones – located in Main Dolomite formation. Satisfactory recovery factor can be ensured only through applying an effective enhanced oil recovery method (EOR). Water Alternating Gas (WAG), as one of the most effective EOR methods, has been tested in conditions characteristic for domestic deposits in carbonate formations. The results of experimental and simulation works carried out at the Oil and Gas Institute (INiG – PIB) indicate significant potential for the application of the WAG method in domestic conditions. An unquestionable advantage of the WAG method is the opportunity to utilize various types of gases, including flue/waste gas or low-energy natural gas. This issue deserves special attention because, as we know, the reduction in the emissions of gases involved in global warming is critical for the future of our planet. Their utilization in EOR methods, coupled with their safe storage in geological structures, constitute measures that reduce the environmental footprint of produced oil. In the article, based on the of experimental results, a simplified economic analysis of the utilization of four gas types in the form of acidic gases (carbon dioxide and its mixture with hydrogen sulfide) and natural gases (high and very high nitrogen content) in the WAG method was carried out. That allowed to identify the most economically optimal variants of the WAG method. The results showed that despite significantly lower effectiveness of nitrogen-rich natural gases in enhancing oil recovery (in the context of recovery factor), their application might be justified in economic terms. The selection of the optimal variant for enhancing recovery is strongly influenced by the assumed (current) cost of acquiring the injected media, and of course by the current (and forecasted) crude oil price.

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“…This is even worse when using gas, as its viscosity is significantly lower than water viscosity . The combination of these injection methods, known as water-alternating-gas (WAG) processes, was proposed to take advantage of both the improved macroscopic displacement of waterflooding in the presence of an immiscible or miscible gas and the better microscopic displacement of oil by gas than by water . The validity of the WAG process was first established in 1958 and has been demonstrated to be successful in numerous field applications …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wettability Alteration Using Silane to Improve Water-Alternating-Gas Injectivity

2022

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Wettability is a main component that determines multiphase flow characteristics in a porous medium. Altering the wettability of a rock has a wide range of applications in the field of geosystems engineering, such as enhanced oil recovery, improving gas well deliverability, and geological CO2 sequestration. Considering how injectivity in many field water-alternating-gas (WAG) processes is lower than expected, wettability alteration is especially suitable to address the reduction in relative permeability encountered during water injection. Several methods for injectivity improvement exist, including the use of surfactants, nanoparticles, salts, and alkalis. Using silanes to modify wettability has been a prominent technique in surface chemistry for decades but has very rarely been applied to porous mineral rocks, especially carbonates. This work explores the use of silanes to render sandstone and limestone surfaces more hydrophobic, thereby reducing gas blockage that causes injectivity loss. Contact angle measurements were taken and showed good wettability alteration away from water wet, exhibiting contact angles well above 90°, regardless of treatment conditions. Centrifuge tests were carried out, and the resulting residual fluid saturations and capillary pressure curves proved that the treatment is also effective on the pore scale. Corefloods conducted in sandstone and limestone cores showed a 45 and 65% increase in water relative permeability after WAG cycles after treatment, respectively. This translates directly to improvements in injectivity based on this treatment method.

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Screening of WAG Injection Strategies for Heterogeneous Reservoirs

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

Miscible Displacement Oil Recovery

Miscible Displacement Oil Recovery

Ocena efektywności ekonomicznej procesu WAG na podstawie danych eksperymentalnych dla jednego z krajowych złóż ropy naftowej

Wettability Alteration Using Silane to Improve Water-Alternating-Gas Injectivity

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