Screening on Anti-Proliferative Activity of Psidium Guajava Leaves Extract towards Selected Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Psidium guajava (PG) has been reported to possess an anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and hypoglycemic activity. However, the information of PG as an anti-cancer is still limited. The purpose of this study is to determine the anti-proliferative activity of organic extracts of PG leaves against the selected cancer cell lines. The three cancer cell lines were cervical cancer (HeLa), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and osteosarcoma (MG-63). The PG leaves were extracted using petroleum ether, methanol, and water. For negative control cell, non-malignant cell Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) was used where areas cisplatin act as positive control. In this study, methylene blue assay was done to test the anti-proliferative activity of the plant extracts. The anti-proliferative activity was expressed in IC 50 value. All of the organic extracts of PG showed no anti-proliferative activity on HeLa. However, petroleum ether leaves extract showed the most effective anti-proliferative activity followed by methanol extract and water extract to MDA-MB-231, with IC 50 of 4.23µg/ml, 18.60 µg/ml and 55.69 µg/ml respectively. Petroleum ether extract also showed similar effects on MG-63 followed by methanol extract and water extract with IC 50 of 5.42 µg/ml, 23.25 µg/ml and 61.88 µg/ml respectively. The petroleum ether leaves extract also showed the most anti-proliferative activity towards MDCK. As a conclusion, PG extracted with petroleum ether exhibited the most effective anti-proliferative towards MD-MB-231 and MG-63. However, this extract showed cytotoxic effect on non-malignant cell line (MDCK). Thus, the test on other non-malignant cells must be carried out to screen its side effect on normal cells. PG has the potential for anti-cancer agents especially for breast cancer and osteosarcoma. A further investigation on their molecular mechanism is worth in understanding the anti-cancer drug development.

In Vivo Screening and Antidiabetic Potential of Polyphenol Extracts from Guava Pulp, Seeds and Leaves

“…Previous studies revealed that guava (133 genera and about 4000 species) has been identified and used as a functional food, while it has been known as the poor man's apple of the tropics [10]. The different parts (leaves, pulp, bark and seeds) of guava have been proved to be antibacterial [4], against infectious disease, antiproliferative [19], antispasmodic, and immunostimulant [20] due to them having a broad spectrum of active ingredients such as polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, antioxidants, carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthine, tannins, saponins, essential oils, pectin, dietary fiber and fatty acids [10]. All these compositional attributes make guava suitable for pharmaceutical applications.…”

Can Storage Stability and Simulated Gastrointestinal Behavior Change the Cytotoxic Effects of Concentrated Guava Leaves Extract against Human Lung Cancer Cells?

“…The cytotoxic effects of the extracts NC, C10, and C20 before and after gastrointestinal behavior simulation or storage for 125 days on A549 cells (tumoral non-small lung cells) and Vero cells (non-tumoral kidney fibroblasts) are presented in Table 2. According to Sul'ain et al [31] and Braga et al [29], guava extracts with IC 50 values below 20-30 µg•mL −1 can be considered to have a significant antiproliferative value. For the tumoral cells A549, the extracts NC, C10, and C20 presented IC 50 values below 20 µg•mL −1 , before and after gastrointestinal simulation or after storage.…”