Screening performances of an 8-item UPSIT Italian version in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease

Landolfi, Annamaria; Picillo, Marina; Pellecchia, Maria Teresa; Troisi, Jacopo; Amboni, Marianna; Barone, Paolo; Erro, Roberto

doi:10.1007/s10072-022-06457-2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition, lower odor discrimination scores have been associated with an increased duration of disease ( 29 ), and hyposmic PD patients have been reported to have faster disease progression ( 28 , 30 ). Most researchers have focused on developing a shorter version of the UPSIT to aid in the diagnosis of hyposmia in PD ( 12 , 13 , 31 , 32 ). In this study, we aimed to evaluate which, if any, items of the Chinese-validated UPSIT could predict the rate of motor progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPSIT subitems may predict motor progression in Parkinson’s disease

Lin,

Fang,

Lei

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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BackgroundThe relationship between hyposmia and motor progression is controversial in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether preserved identification of Chinese-validated University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) odors could predict PD motor progression.MethodsPD patients with two consecutive clinical visits while taking medication were recruited. Based on mean changes in Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part 3 score and levodopa equivalent daily dosage, the participants were categorized into rapid progression, medium progression, and slow progression groups. Odors associated with the risk of PD motor progression were identified by calculating the odds ratios of UPSIT item identification between the rapid and slow progression groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of these odors was conducted to determine an optimal threshold for rapid motor progression.ResultsA total of 117 PD patients were screened for group classification. Preserved identification of neutral/pleasant odors including banana, peach, magnolia, and baby powder was significantly correlated with rapid motor progression. The risk of rapid progression increased with more detected risk odors. Detection of ≥1.5 risk odors could differentiate rapid progression from slow progression with a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 45.8%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.687.ConclusionPreserved identification of neutral/pleasant odors may help to predict PD motor progression, and detection of ≥1.5 UPSIT motor progression risk odors could improve the predictive power. In PD patients with a similar level of motor disability during initial screening, preserved pleasant/neutral odor identification may imply relatively better cortical odor discriminative function, which may suggest the body-first (caudo-rostral) subtype with faster disease progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPSIT subitems may predict motor progression in Parkinson’s disease

Lin,

Fang,

Lei

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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“…However, they both are relatively time-consuming. Shorter versions of these tests also allow for the differentiation of PD patients and healthy controls [71,72].…”

Section: Opportunities Of Od As Early Marker In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and Pitfalls of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Olfactory Dysfunction as Early Markers in Parkinson’s Disease

Orso,

Brosse,

Frasnelli

et al. 2024

Journal of Parkinson’s Disease

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During its pre-motor stage, Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents itself with a multitude of non-motor symptoms with different degrees of specificity and sensitivity. The most important among them are REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and olfactory dysfunction. RBD is a parasomnia characterized by the loss of REM sleep muscle atonia and dream-enacting behaviors. Olfactory dysfunction in individuals with prodromal PD is usually described as hyposmia (reduced sense of smell) or anosmia (complete loss of olfactory function). These symptoms can precede the full expression of motor symptoms by decades. A close comprehension of these symptoms and the underlying mechanisms may enable early screening as well as interventions to improve patients’ quality of life. Therefore, these symptoms have unmatched potential for identifying PD patients in prodromal stages, not only allowing early diagnosis but potentially opening a window for early, possibly disease-modifying intervention. However, they come with certain challenges. This review addresses some of the key opportunities and pitfalls of both RBD and olfactory dysfunction as early markers of PD.

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“…Up to 90% of preclinical PD cases showed an olfactory impairment preceding the onset of motor symptoms by decades [80]. Radiological imaging such as PET or functional MRI allows, respectively, for the study of the neurochemical pathways related to olfactory dysfunction and the identification of the structures of the central olfactory system involved in age-related olfactory regression as regions of the right amygdala and piriform cortex [81] in the pathological evaluation [82][83][84][85]. Multiple neurotransmitters are impaired in PD, and many have shown an association with olfactory loss, including, mainly, dopamine and acetylcholine.…”

Section: Parkinson's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurons, Nose, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment

Fatuzzo

Niccolini

Zoccali

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Olfactory capacity declines with aging, but increasing evidence shows that smell dysfunction is one of the early signs of prodromal neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The study of olfactory ability and its role in neurodegenerative diseases arouses much interest in the scientific community. In neurology, olfactory impairment is a potential early marker for the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The loss of smell is considered a clinical sign of early-stage disease and a marker of the disease’s progression and cognitive impairment. Highlighting the importance of biological bases of smell and molecular pathways could be fundamental to improve neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies. We focused on the review articles and meta-analyses on olfactory and cognitive impairment. We depicted the neurobiology of olfaction and the most common olfactory tests in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we underlined the close relationship between the olfactory and cognitive deficit due to nasal neuroepithelium, which is a direct extension of the CNS in communication with the external environment. Neurons, Nose, and Neurodegenerative diseases highlights the role of olfactory dysfunction as a clinical marker for early stages of neurodegenerative diseases when it is associated with molecular, clinical, and neuropathological correlations.

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Screening performances of an 8-item UPSIT Italian version in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

UPSIT subitems may predict motor progression in Parkinson’s disease

UPSIT subitems may predict motor progression in Parkinson’s disease

Opportunities and Pitfalls of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Olfactory Dysfunction as Early Markers in Parkinson’s Disease

Neurons, Nose, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment

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