Screening Prisoners for Intellectual Disabilities in Three English Prisons

Murphy, Glynis H.; Gardner, J Suzette; Freeman, M. J.

doi:10.1111/jar.12224

Cited by 48 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…To conclude, a large percentage of this study's sample of police suspects suffered from intellectual disability (Gudjonsson et al, ; Hayes et al, ; Murphy et al, ; Parton et al, ; Søndenaa et al, ; Young et al, ). Pending future research on the prevalence of intellectual disabilities in Dutch police suspects and on the impact of both cognitive and practical aspects of intellectual disability on functioning within the interrogation room, we hope our study contributes to raising awareness among police interrogators that it is quite likely they will run into suspects with intellectual disabilities on a regular basis and that they need to take special precautions when interrogating them (Gudjonsson & Joyce, ; Herrington & Roberts, ; Scheyett et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…However, we found that 28.7% had an IQ below 70, which is a much higher percentage than previous studies in police suspects, who found that 8.6% (Gudjonsson et al, ) and 6.7% (Young et al, ), respectively, had an IQ below 70. Previous studies performed in adjucated prisoners in the United Kingdom found that 16.4% had an IQ between 70 and 79 (Hayes et al, ) and that about 7% had an IQ below 70 (Hayes et al, ; Murphy, Gardner, & Freeman, ). Furthermore, 83.4% of our sample had an IQ below 85.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Screening for intellectual disability in Dutch police suspects

Geijsen

Kop

Ruiter

2018

Journal Invest Psychology

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The screener for mild intellectual disability (SCIL) was developed to screen for mild intellectual disability (IQ below 85). The aims of this study were (a) to examine the predictive validity of the SCIL in screening for intellectual disability among police suspects and (b) to explore the prevalence of cognitive intellectual disability among suspects in police custody in the Netherlands. An unselected sample of police suspects (N = 178) charged with a variety of offences was assessed with the SCIL, aWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)-III-NL short form, and a malingering measure. The SCIL screened 50.0% of the sample as having mild intellectual disabilities, whereas the short WAIS classified 84.3% of the sample with an IQ below 85. A principal component analysis of the SCIL showed ambiguous results. Furthermore, the short WAIS classified 55.6% of our sample with a borderline IQ (IQ = 70-84), 84.3% with an IQ below 85 and 28.7% with an IQ below 70. The prevalence of intellectual disability in this sample of Dutch (police) suspects appears to be higher than prevalence rates found in previous international studies. More exhaustive research is needed to examine the prevalence of intellectual disabilities in police suspects, and the utility of the SCIL to screen for these disabilities. KEYWORDS intellectual disabilities, police suspects, police custody, SCIL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. suspected of having seduced a 16-year-old girl to perform sexual acts in front of a webcam, but in the invitation letter, the police did not mention he was a suspect in a sexual offence case. The man came to the police station and agreed to participate in the interrogation voluntarily without being arrested. Early on, the young man stated that he received special education in the past and that he resided in an assisted living residence; yet despite this information, the police interrogators did not notify the man he could have access to a lawyer, and they proceeded to interrogate him about the alleged sexual offence. In the subsequent verdict, the court recognised that it had been obvious that the suspect was suffering from intellectual disability and that he was not able to oversee his situation and to determine his position during the police investigation; hence, the court blamed the police officers for not having informed the suspect he had access to a lawyer and ruled that his statement was deemed inadmissible because of violation of the principle of a fair trial (Arnhem Court, 2011).The above is an example of recent Dutch jurisprudence, which illustrates that it is important that police officers take certain vulnerabilities of suspects (e.g., intellectual disability)...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Screening for intellectual disability in Dutch police suspects

Geijsen

Kop

Ruiter

2018

Journal Invest Psychology

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“…The screening tool has been applied in several studies in GB during the last few years [12]- [14] with adequate validity in contrast to findings from the present study. The usefulness of the LDSQ in a Norwegian setting does not seem to be as good, and is thus not recommended until after it has been examined further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Selective Samples and the Accuracy of Screening for Intellectual Disabilities: Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire

Bjørgen¹,

Gimse²,

Søndenaa³

2016

JSS

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The Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire (LDSQ) was developed primarily to provide a short and effective screening instrument to indicate possible intellectual disability amongst persons who come in contact with the service system. This study examined the validity of the Norwegian version of LDSQ in a sample of 35 subjects. All participants were outpatients referred for neuropsychological examinations. WAIS-III full-scale score was used for criterion validity. At a stated cut-off score of 46.6%, LDSQ showed several false negatives and false positives but no true positives. This raises the question of whether this test represents a valid screening instrument for learning disabilities in a clinical sample.

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“…Finally, our findings highlight the importance of intellectual disability screening and identification within the criminal justice system. Identification of intellectual disability in this population is a prerequisite for access to intellectual disability‐specific services in prison and critical to enhancing continuity of care through integration with intellectual disability‐specific services during and after the transition from prison to community (Murphy et al ). Furthermore, prisoners with unidentified mild to borderline intellectual disability are highly vulnerable, and identifying, targeting and supporting their unmet needs post‐release should be a public health priority (McBrien ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual disability and patient activation after release from prison: a prospective cohort study

Young

Cumming

Dooren

et al. 2017

J intellect Disabil Res

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Ex-prisoners screening positive for possible intellectual disability have decreased patient activation for at least 6 months after release from prison. However, individuals whose possible intellectual disability is unidentified appear to be particularly vulnerable. Incarceration is a pivotal opportunity for the identification of intellectual disability and for initiating transitional linkages to health and intellectual disability-specific community services for this marginalised population.

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Screening Prisoners for Intellectual Disabilities in Three English Prisons

Abstract: It is argued that it is feasible to screen for intellectual disabilities in prisons and, given the inequalities to which prisoners with intellectual disabilities are subject in prison, it is time for such screening to be rolled out to all prisons.

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

Screening for intellectual disability in Dutch police suspects

Screening for intellectual disability in Dutch police suspects

Selective Samples and the Accuracy of Screening for Intellectual Disabilities: Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire

Intellectual disability and patient activation after release from prison: a prospective cohort study

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