Screening Revisited: A Survey of U.S. Requirements

Abstract

Screening young children for physical, emotional, behavioral, and learning problems has received a great deal of attention since passage of P.L. 94-142. However, screening requirements and practices have not been examined on a stateby-state basis. To fill this gap, state education agencies were surveyed about early school screening requirements. Forty-nine states and the District of Columbia responded, giving information about timing, sources of data, and content areas of screening programs. Responses indicate great variation at the state and local district levels, and confusion of screening with evaluation. The results are discussed in relation to research findings from an ongoing longitudinal study. Implications for program design, planning, and research are presented.In 1975, with the passage of P L. 94-142, Congress recognized the responsibility of federal, state, and local governments to meet the educational needs of all children, including those with handicapping conditions. In order to qualify for federal funds under the law, states must ensure that &dquo;all children residing in the State who are handicapped, regardless of the severity of their handicap, and who are in need of special education and related services are identified, located, and evaluated&dquo; (20 USC 1412 §612.

The anomalous dimension of the gluon-ghost mass operator in Yang–Mills theory

“…In this section, we will explicitly verify the relation (2.28) up to three loop order in the Curci-Ferrari gauge in a particular renormalization scheme, MS. The values for the β-function and the anomalous dimensions of the gluon, ghost, the operator O and the gauge parameter α have already been calculated in the presence of matter fields in [8]. For completeness we note that for an arbitrary colour group these are…”

“…where the anomalous dimension of O in our conventions is given by (−4) times the result quoted in [8]. The group Casimirs are tr T a T b = T F δ ab , T a T a = C F I, f acd f bcd = δ ab C A , N f is the number of quark flavours and ζ(n) is the Riemann zeta function.…”

“…In this formalism, an essential step is the renormalizability of the local composite operator related to the condensate, which is fundamental to obtaining its anomalous dimension. It is worth mentioning that the anomalous dimension of the gluon-ghost operator O = 1 2 A aµ A a µ + αc a c a in the Curci-Ferrari gauge, and thus of the gluon operator A 2 µ in the Landau gauge, has been computed to three loops in the MS renormalization scheme, [8].…”

Vacuum Condensates and Dynamical Mass Generation in Euclidean Yang-Mills Theories

“…In the BRST framework, it turns out that d 4 xA 2 is BRST invariant on shell s d 4 xA 2 = 0 + Eqs. motion (1) This property ensures that the local operator A 2 is multiplicatively renormalizable to all orders of perturbation theory [3]. Its anomalous dimension γ A 2 can be expressed [3] as a combination of the gauge beta function β and of the anomalous dimension γ A of the gauge field A a µ , i.e.,…”

Radiative improvement of the lattice nonrelativistic QCD action using the background field method with applications to quarkonium spectroscopy

“…In general, a non-zero gluon mass in QCD breaks gauge invariance and in our calculation the one-loop diagrams for matching the quark bi-linear operators, which give the chromodynamic form factors, contain three-gluon vertices and the use of a gluon mass IR regulator needs justification. We note that at one-loop the diagrams are identical to those that would arise in the Curci-Ferrari theory [21,22] which is renormalizable and known to recover QCD in the µ → 0 for gauge-invariant quantities; the introduction of a non-zero gluon mass by extending QCD to the Curci-Ferrari formulation is a mechanism for regulating IR divergences [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. We match on-shell gauge-invariant physical processes and in our final result all IR divergences cancel to give IR-finite gauge-covariant counterterms in NRQCD and the limit µ → 0 can be taken.…”