Screening statins for possible carcinogenic risk: up to 9 years of follow‐up of 361 859 recipients

Friedman, Gary D.; Flick, E. Dawn; Udaltsova, Natalia; Chan, James; Quesenberry, Charles P.; Habel, Laurel A.

doi:10.1002/pds.1507

Cited by 202 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Moyad et al (56) Why a statin and/or another proven In this follow-up manuscript, the authors argue the heart healthy agent should be utilized in the next need to conduct statin chemopreventive trials within major cancer chemoprevention trial: part II. (59) Screening statins for possible carcinogenic risk: Overall this study provided no strong evidence up to 9 years of follow-up of 361,859 recipients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A meta-analysis of 6 randomised control trials and 13 observational studies revealed a statistically significant inverse relationship between statin use and advanced disease, but not overall risk of developing prostate cancer (28). Among statin users, there has been observed a decreased risk in stage II prostate cancer (59). There was a trend towards a risk reduction for metastatic and fatal disease (16,60,61).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Potential of Statins in Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy

Hutchinson

Marignol

2017

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Abstract. Background The management of prostate cancer is a significant healthcare challenge. Many treatment options exist (1-3), with radiation therapy playing a prominent role. However, the morbidity and cost of treatment are not trivial (4, 5). Although risk classification schemes (6) and nomograms (7) attempt to identify men most likely to benefit from treatment, it remains difficult to balance the risks of disease progression against competing risks of mortality (8). This has resulted in controversy over prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening (9, 10) and possible overtreatment leading to a decreased quality of life (5, 11). Therefore, it is of great interest to conduct research into cancer prevention strategies (12), identification of men who will benefit most from treatment, and effective therapies that limit treatment-related morbidity of prostate cancer.Statins or 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase inhibitors are widely used medications for hypercholesterolaemia. The demographics of prostate cancer and hypercholesterolaemia overlap. The prevalence of statin use in this older men population is high-approximately 24 million Americans in 2003-2004 (13). Thus, many prostate cancer patients are likely to have already been prescribed statins at the time of their cancer diagnosis and treatment.Initial interest in the use of statins in prostate cancer stemmed from epidemiological studies that investigated their chemopreventive properties. Two large case-control series reported a 50%-65% reduction in overall prostate cancer risk among statin users compared with non-users (14, 15

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Potential of Statins in Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy

Hutchinson

Marignol

2017

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“…The magnitude of this negative association was similar for time periods extending beyond one year. When statin use and cancer development was accessed through a health care program database from northern Calofornia, esophageal carcinoma was more common among statin users [113] . Population studies published today, although they have been adjusted for many covariates including age, body mass index, smoking, do not differentiate between EAC and squamous carcinomas and do not allow evaluation of statin use in EAC prevention.…”

Section: Statins and Eac Chemopreventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of chemoprophylaxis with either NSAIDs or statins in patients with Barrett’s esophagus

Tsibouris

Vlachou

Isaacs

2014

WJGPT

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The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a poor prognosis neoplasia, has risen dramatically in recent decades. Barrett's esophagus represents the best-known risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma development. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs through cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and prostaglandin metabolism regulation could control cell proliferation, increase cell apoptosis and regulate the expression of growth and angiogenic factors. Statins can achieve equivalent effects through prenylation and subsequently control of cellular signaling cascades. At present, epidemiological studies are small and underpowered. Their data could not justify either medication as a chemo-preventive agent. Population based studies have shown a 43% reduction of the odds of developing an esophageal adenocarcinoma, leaving out or stating a 25% reduction in patients consuming non-aspirin nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and a 50% reduction in those patients consuming aspirin. They have also stated a 19% reduction of esophageal cancer incidence when statins have been used. Observational studies have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could reduce the adenocarcinoma incidence in patients with Barrett's esophagus by 41%, while statins could reduce the risk by 43%. The cancer preventive effect has been enhanced in those patients taking a combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins (a 74% decrease). Observational data are equivocal concerning the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug subclasses. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs clearly have substantial potential for toxicity, while statins are rather safe drugs. In conclusion, both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins are promising chemopreventive agents and deserve further exploration with interventional studies. In the meanwhile, their use is justified only in patients with cardiovascular disease.© 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.Key words: Esophageal adenocarcinoma; Barrett's esophagus; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Aspirin; Statins; Cancer chemoprevention Core tip: Esophageal adenocarcinoma remains a major burden upon health. Experimental studies have suggested that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins may have useful actions against esophageal cancer cells. This review of observational studies shows that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduced adenocarcinoma incidence in patients with Barrett' s esophagus by 41%, while statins reduced the risk by 43%. The cancer preventive effect is enhanced in those patients taking a combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins (a 74% decrease). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs clearly have substantial potential for toxicity, while statins are rather safe drugs. Their combination offers promise for chemoprevention and further interventional studies are warranted.Tsibouris P, Vlachou E, Isaacs PET. Role of chemoprophylaxis REVIEWOnline Submissions: http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/

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“…Some data exist for a decreased risk of melanoma with long-term (>5 years) use of cholesterol-lowering drugs in analysis of the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutritional Cohort from 1997-2007 (Jacobs et al, 2011), and higher doses of statin medications were associated with decreased melanoma risk upon analysis of a Vetaran's Administration pharmacy database (Farwell et al, 2008). However, the effect of long-term statin use on melanoma risk was not evident upon analysis of the Kaiser Permanente database (Friedman et al, 2008). Female sex hormones and oral contraceptive use have been called into question regarding a potential increased risk of melanoma, given the slightly higher risk of breast cancer patients for melanoma (Levi et al, 2003), and the fact that estrogens can increase melanocyte counts and cause cutaneous hyperpigmentation.…”

Section: Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%