Screening techniques and sources of tolerance to salinity and mineral nutrient imbalances in cool season food legumes

Np, Saxena; Saxena, MC; Ruckenbauer, P.; Rs, Rana; El‐Fouly, M. M.; Shabana, R.

doi:10.1007/bf00027185

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1998), but acts as a protective agent against cellular damage. Screening of chickpea cultivars on the basis of proline accumulation in young plants has given inconsistent results (Chandra 1980, cited in Saxena et al. 1994), suggesting that it is not related to salinity resistance in chickpea.…”

Section: Vegetative Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt sensitivity in chickpea

Flowers

Gaur

Gowda

et al. 2010

Plant Cell & Environment

223

134

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The growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is very sensitive to salinity, with the most susceptible genotypes dying in just 25 mM NaCl and resistant genotypes unlikely to survive 100 mM NaCl in hydroponics; germination is more tolerant with some genotypes tolerating 320 mM NaCl. When growing in a saline medium, Cl -, which is secreted from glandular hairs on leaves, stems and pods, is present in higher concentrations in shoots than Na + . Salinity reduces the amount of water extractable from soil by a chickpea crop and induces osmotic adjustment, which is greater in nodules than in leaves or roots. Chickpea rhizobia show a higher 'free-living' salt resistance than chickpea plants, and salinity can cause large reductions in nodulation, nodule size and N2-fixation capacity. Recent screenings of diverse germplasm suggest significant variation of seed yield under saline conditions. Both dominance and additive gene effects have been identified in the effects of salinity on chickpea and there appears to be sufficient genetic variation to enable improvement in yield under saline conditions via breeding. Selections are required across the entire life cycle with a range of rhizobial strains under salt-affected, preferably field, conditions.

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Section: Vegetative Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt sensitivity in chickpea

Flowers

Gaur

Gowda

et al. 2010

Plant Cell & Environment

223

134

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show abstract

“…For field pea, relatively high and heritable genetic tolerances to Fe deficiency [29] and boron toxicity [30-32] have been identified. In terms of salinity tolerance, preliminary studies based on biomass reduction indicated that field pea is significantly more sensitive than other commonly cultivated Australian broad-acre crops such as barley [33,34], wheat [35] and canola [36], due to a low salinity threshold level [37] in pea. In comparison to other legumes, in contrast, pea [38-41], as well as faba bean [42], appear more tolerant than chickpea [43] and lentil [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SNP marker discovery, linkage map construction and identification of QTLs for enhanced salinity tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativumL.)

et al. 2013

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BackgroundField pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a self-pollinating, diploid, cool-season food legume. Crop production is constrained by multiple biotic and abiotic stress factors, including salinity, that cause reduced growth and yield. Recent advances in genomics have permitted the development of low-cost high-throughput genotyping systems, allowing the construction of saturated genetic linkage maps for identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with traits of interest. Genetic markers in close linkage with the relevant genomic regions may then be implemented in varietal improvement programs.ResultsIn this study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were developed and used to generate comprehensive linkage maps for field pea. From a set of 36,188 variant nucleotide positions detected through in silico analysis, 768 were selected for genotyping of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. A total of 705 SNPs (91.7%) successfully detected segregating polymorphisms. In addition to SNPs, genomic and EST-derived simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were assigned to the genetic map in order to obtain an evenly distributed genome-wide coverage. Sequences associated with the mapped molecular markers were used for comparative genomic analysis with other legume species. Higher levels of conserved synteny were observed with the genomes of Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) than with soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), Lotus japonicus L. and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.). Parents and RIL progeny were screened at the seedling growth stage for responses to salinity stress, imposed by addition of NaCl in the watering solution at a concentration of 18 dS m-1. Salinity-induced symptoms showed normal distribution, and the severity of the symptoms increased over time. QTLs for salinity tolerance were identified on linkage groups Ps III and VII, with flanking SNP markers suitable for selection of resistant cultivars. Comparison of sequences underpinning these SNP markers to the M. truncatula genome defined genomic regions containing candidate genes associated with saline stress tolerance.ConclusionThe SNP assays and associated genetic linkage maps developed in this study permitted identification of salinity tolerance QTLs and candidate genes. This constitutes an important set of tools for marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs aimed at performance enhancement of field pea cultivars.

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“…Yield losses due to Fedeficiency in susceptible chickpea genotypes can be in the range 22-50% (Saxena et al, 1994). Literature on the effects of alkaline soil conditions (high pH, calcareous soils), appearance of Fe-chlorosis, yield losses due to deficiency, genotypic differences in Fedeficiency and its inheritance, screening methods, and criteria for selection have been reviewed by Saxena et al (1994). Good progress has been made in understanding the physiological basis of development of Fe-deficiency.…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Responses of cool season food legumes (including chickpea), to salinity, methods to screen for tolerance to saline conditions, inheritance of the trait, and genotypic differences in tolerance, have been reviewed (Saxena et al, 1993(Saxena et al, , 1994. The levels of tolerance to soil salinity are indeed low in chickpea as seen in a 50% reduction in shoot biomass at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 5-6 dS m −1 .…”

Section: Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

et al. 2002

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Nutrient acquisition in chickpea needs to be efficient, because it is mainly grown as a post-rainy season, rainfed crop, and generally on soils inferior in physical characteristics and poor in fertility. Nutrient deficiencies have been reported to cause yield losses of varying magnitude in chickpea, e.g., 22-50% due to iron (Fe), around 10% due to sub-optimal nodulation and hence nitrogen (N) deficiency, 29-45% due to phosphorus (P), up to 100% due to boron (B), and 16-30% due to sulphur (S). Yield losses due to salinity are equally large but are difficult to estimate because of its heterogeneous occurrence. In chickpea, genotypic differences in morpho-physiological (including root size) and functional (exudates) root traits, and in nodulation capacity for increased nitrogen fixation have been identified. Genotypic differences in response to application of Fe, B and zinc (Zn) have also been found among chickpea genotypes. A drought tolerant chickpea genotype ICC 4958, which has a relatively large root system, acquired more P than other genotypes during the vegetative period in a pot experiment at ICRISAT. The recent thrust on identifying QTLs for root size should facilitate progress in incorporating useful root traits through marker assisted selection in desirable agronomic backgrounds. Selection for nodulation capacity in released cultivars has resulted in high nodulating chickpea genotypes that produced 10% higher yield than the control varieties. Information on targeted crop improvement for higher nutrient-use efficiency for P, S, Zn, B and Fe is not readily available. Methods to screen for tolerance to salinity are available, but sufficiently high levels of tolerance have not yet been found in germplasm or wild relatives of chickpea to warrant breeding for salinity tolerance. Use of alternative approaches, such as mutation to generate genetic diversity or introgression of alien genes from other crops (transgenic) are thus required, and these remain long-term objectives.

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Screening techniques and sources of tolerance to salinity and mineral nutrient imbalances in cool season food legumes

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Salt sensitivity in chickpea

Salt sensitivity in chickpea

SNP marker discovery, linkage map construction and identification of QTLs for enhanced salinity tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativumL.)

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