Screening tetrazyklischer Benzodiazepine mittels EMIT-st (Benzodiazepines) und TDx

Abstract

The article reports threshold ranges and detection limits for the screening of tetracyclic benzodiazepines (adinazolam, alprazolam, brotizolam, estazolam, loprazolam, midazolam, triazolam and many metabolites) using the EMIT-st and TDx system (FPIA). In most cases, the cross reactivities of the two systems are comparable, but there are also remarkable differences. Detection limits are mainly in the range between 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l but, in some cases, the limits are also considerably higher. The within-day precision is 1.1% (TDx) and 16.5% (EMIT-st); day-to-day precision is 4.7% (TDx) and 12.6% (EMIT-st), respectively.

Modern screening strategies in analytical toxicology with special regard to new benzodiazepines

“…200 ng/ml 300 ng/ml 1,000 ng/ml These values are in good accordance with our own results published in 1987 [68]. An exhaustive compilation of cross-reactivity data concerning compounds other than benzodiazepines has also been published [78].…”

“…The threshold ranges and detection limits for the immunological screening of many tetracyclic benzodiazepines (adinazolam, alprazolam, brotizolam, estazolam, loprazolam, midazolam, triazolam and major metabolites) using the EMIT and TDx systems have recently been reported in this journal [68]. In most cases, the cross-reactivities of the two systems are comparable, but there are also remarkable differences.…”

A rapid solid-phase extraction and HPLC/DAD procedure for the simultaneous determination and quantification of different benzodiazepines in serum, blood and post-mortem blood

“…Screening and detection can be necessary under therapeutic aspects as well as in connection with forensic toxicology and traffic medicine [4]. Current methods for the determination of benzodiazepines available in clinical or forensic chemistry include thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [5,6], gas chromatography often coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) [7][8][9][10][11], immunological methods [12][13][14][15][16] or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [11,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. The latter technique is particularly suitable for the quantitative determination of substances with intense UV absorption, such as the 1,4-benzodiazepines, particularly since some of these compounds exhibit thermal instability [23,24].…”