Screening various pencil leads coated with MWCNT and PANI as enzymatic biofuel cell biocathode

Bandapati, Madhavi; Dwivedi, Prabhat K.; Krishnamurthy, Balaji; Kim, Young Ho; Kim, Gyu Man; Goel, Sanket

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.016

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Subsequently, the electrical conductivity of graphite pencil–stroked electrodes (HB, 8B) was measured by Ossila four‐point probe system. The electrical conductivities of HB and 8B graphite pencil–stroked electrodes were measured to be 0.498 and 15.93 S/cm, respectively . It was observed that the microfluidic fuel cell performance was consistently dependent on the cathode materials .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrical conductivities of HB and 8B graphite pencil-stroked electrodes were measured to be 0.498 and 15.93 S/cm, respectively. 22 It was observed that the microfluidic fuel cell performance was consistently dependent on the cathode materials. 23 On the basis of the justifications mentioned above, HB and 8B graphite pencils were utilized as anode and cathode, respectively.…”

Section: Mpfc Electrode Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance optimization of microfluidic paper fuel‐cell with varying cellulose fiber papers as absorbent pad

et al. 2020

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Summary Miniaturization of devices, combined with other features such as portability, proneness to automation, rapid performance, amenability to integration, multiplexing, and cost‐effectiveness, is rapidly increasing for various sensing and energy harvesting applications. One such emerging area is the development of microfluidic fuel cell on cellulose papers, which has enormous scope to optimize its performance. This is primarily because such devices eliminate the need for membranes as well as external pumps since they have built‐in colaminar flow embedded capillaries. Such peripherals are usually used in conventional microfluidic fuel cells, which are fabricated using methods like photolithography, PDMS lithography, and 3D printing. This paper presents investigations on microfluidic paper–based fuel cells (MPFCs) with different cellulose absorbent pads for their performance optimization. Herein, the MPFC utilizes formic acid as fuel, oxygen from quiescent air as oxidant, and sulfuric acid as electrolyte for conducting ionic exchange under colaminar flow. The electrodes are realized through simple pencil strokes depositing a thin layer of graphite. The porous graphite electrodes act as diffusion agents breathing oxygen directly from the atmospheric air. Such an MPFC configuration, costing less than US $1, was optimized to achieve maximum energy density by examining various combinations of absorbent pads with different grades of cellulose papers. It is seen that the maximum open circuit potential is 0.46 V, while the maximum current and power densities are 1505.66 μAcm−2 and 173.97 μWcm−2, respectively, with a grade 6 absorbent pad. Such performance can be further enhanced by investigating MPFCs with various graphite pencils with a diverse number of strokes at different concentration levels.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mpfc Electrode Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance optimization of microfluidic paper fuel‐cell with varying cellulose fiber papers as absorbent pad

et al. 2020

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“…In the pioneering work concerning the application of PG in EGBFC, our recent research has already established 5H-grade PG as the optimal biocathode. In addition, it was shown that PG electrodes of 5H and B grades set as biocathode and bioanode yield the highest full cell performance [37,38]. In continuation of this effort, it would be important to find which PG grade is best suited for bioanode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite electrodes as bioanodes for enzymatic glucose biofuel cell

Bandapati

Goel

Krishnamurthy

2020

J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng.

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This study investigates the performance of pencil graphite (PG) electrodes to identify the grade of pencil most suitable as bioanode for enzymatic glucose biofuel cell. Pencils of H, 3H, 5H and B grades are selected for this study. The surfaces of different grade PGs are modified with carboxylic acid functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNT/PG), followed by immobilization with glucose oxidase (GOx) to fabricate the respecttive bioanodes (GOx/COOH-MWCNT/PG). Morphological and electrochemical characterizations are carried out using scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. All tested PG electrodes exhibited positive results with variable response characteristics towards glucose oxidation reaction. B-grade PG bioanode is found to have the highest coverage of the deposited nanobiocomposite with the fastest electron transfer rate. The half-cell electrode assembly with this grade of PG recorded the highest current density of 4.25 mA cm-2 at physiological glucose conditions (5 mM glucose, pH 7.0). Enzymatic glucose biofuel cell assembled with B-grade PG bioanode and platinum cathode generated an open circuit potential of 149 mV and maximum power density of 0.789 µW cm−2 from 5 mM glucose at ambient conditions (25 ± 3◦C). The results obtained for B-grade PG bioanode are comparable to those of conventional carbon and glassy carbon electrodes, thus demonstrating its applicability to enzymatic glucose biofuel cells.

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“…Herein, the positive features of PGEs bioelectrodes with direct electron transfer to the immobilized BOx are assed and critically compared regarding other prior approaches. As far as known, only two studies from the same group assessed the performance of PGEs as biocathodes in biofuel cells, but with immobilized laccase enzyme 10 , 11 . Prior to enzyme immobilization, the suitable PGE regarding the pencil hardness, pre-treatment of its surface and modification with carbon-based nanomaterials is selected after electrochemical evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good example of this is the bilirubin oxidase (BOx) enzyme and the generation of overpotential in the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Its efficiency shows similarities or even outperforms the platinum catalysts 10 , but bypassing the drastic reaction conditions required by the last in the respective fuel cells 11 . The main issue is, in this context, how to assure direct electron transfer to the catalytic site of the BOx enzyme, whom is buried in an insulating glycoproteic shell 12 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanostructured pencil graphite electrodes for application as high power biocathodes in miniaturized biofuel cells and bio-batteries

Torrinha

Jiyane

Sabela

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This work describes a simple method for the fabrication of an enzymatic electrode with high sensitivity to oxygen and good performance when applied as biocathode. Pencil graphite electrodes (PGE) were chosen as disposable transducers given their availability and good electrochemical response. After electrochemical characterization regarding hardness and surface pre-treatment suited modification with carbon-based nanostructures, namely with reduced graphene, MWCNT and carbon black for optimal performance was proceeded. The bioelectrode was finally assembled through immobilization of bilirubin oxidase (BOx) lashed on the modified surface of MWCNT via π–π stacking and amide bond functionalization. The high sensitivity towards dissolved oxygen of 648 ± 51 µA mM−1 cm−2, and a LOD of 1.7 µM, was achieved for the PGE with surface previously modified with reduced graphene (rGO), almost the double registered for direct anchorage on the bare PGE surface. Polarization curves resulted in an open circuit potential (OCP) of 1.68 V (vs Zn electrode) and generated a maximum current density of about 650 μA cm−2 in O2 saturated solution.

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Screening various pencil leads coated with MWCNT and PANI as enzymatic biofuel cell biocathode

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

Performance optimization of microfluidic paper fuel‐cell with varying cellulose fiber papers as absorbent pad

Performance optimization of microfluidic paper fuel‐cell with varying cellulose fiber papers as absorbent pad

Graphite electrodes as bioanodes for enzymatic glucose biofuel cell

Nanostructured pencil graphite electrodes for application as high power biocathodes in miniaturized biofuel cells and bio-batteries

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