Traumatic injuries of the wrist and hand are common. Ultrasonography (US) is a cost-effective, noninvasive, and effective imaging method for diagnosing traumatic lesions affecting the tendons, annular pulleys, ligaments, vessels, and nerves, and for detecting foreign bodies in the wrist and hand. The objective of this article was to review the main US findings of traumatic lesions in the wrist and hand.T he wrist and hand are the most important functional parts of the body in daily life activities and are prone to traumatic injuries. These injuries constitute 6.6% to 28.6% of all injuries and 28.0% of all musculoskeletal injuries (1, 2). According to Schoffl et al. (3), wrist and hand injuries account for 14.0% to 30.0% of all treated patients in emergency care. Although these injuries are not life-threatening, the accepted treatment strategy for traumatic injuries is immediate reconstruction of all injured tissue structures. Hence, early diagnosis of the injured tissue is important for clinical management.Current ultrasonography (US) systems equipped with linear-array transducers have improved the capability of US to examine superficial organs and tissues. As an easily accessible, rapid, noninvasive imaging technique that also provides dynamic examination, US is a good imaging modality for examining the musculoskeletal system (4, 5).The purpose of this article was to review the main US findings and discuss the potential value of this technique in the evaluation of traumatic injuries of the wrist and hand.
US techniquesUsing proper US examination techniques based on a thorough knowledge of the relevant anatomy and artifacts is essential for accurate diagnosis. High-frequency linear-array transducers (7-15 MHz) are mandatory for the ultrasonographic evaluation of superficial structures. The wrist and hand are best examined with the patient seated in front of the examiner with the wrist and hand placed on a table. The transducer is held with the first three fingers, and the other fingers rest on the table to reduce contact pressure. The longitudinal axis is the principal axis and is essential for diagnosis, while the transverse images are used for support. A large amount of transmission jelly is required for good contact and near field resolution.