ScrG, a GGDEF-EAL Protein, Participates in Regulating Swarming and Sticking in<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>

Kim, Yun-Kyeong; McCarter, Linda L.

doi:10.1128/jb.01510-06

Cited by 84 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is degraded to the linear dinucleotide pGpG by phosphodiesterase A's (PDEAs), proteins containing EAL or HD-GYP domains, which are responsible for the enzymatic activity (reviewed in reference 276). Many proteins belonging to the GGDEF/EAL superfamily contain both GGDEF and EAL domains; in this case the whole protein can act as either a DGC, a PDEA, or in some cases both, depending on the presence or absence of their interaction partners (52,83,170,313).…”

Section: Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals, Regulatory Networks, and Materials That Build and Break Bacterial Biofilms

Karatan

Watnick

2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

877

690

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that live attached to surfaces. Biofilm formation has received much attention in the last decade, as it has become clear that virtually all types of bacteria can form biofilms and that this may be the preferred mode of bacterial existence in nature. Our current understanding of biofilm formation is based on numerous studies of myriad bacterial species. Here, we review a portion of this large body of work including the environmental signals and signaling pathways that regulate biofilm formation, the components of the biofilm matrix, and the mechanisms and regulation of biofilm dispersal.

show abstract

Section: Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals, Regulatory Networks, and Materials That Build and Break Bacterial Biofilms

Karatan

Watnick

2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

877

690

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, laf genes can be released from their normal, surface-dependent mode of gene control and induced in liquid by expressing scr genes, which modulate the cellular c-di-GMP concentration (16,17). The scrABC operon is up-regulated in response to growth on a surface, and ScrC, a GGDEF-EAL domain-containing protein, acts as a phosphodiesterase to decrease the c-di-GMP concentration of the cell during swarming (18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric GMP-linked quorum sensing controls swarming in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Trimble

McCarter²

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Movement over and colonization of surfaces are important survival strategies for bacteria, and many find it advantageous to perform these activities as a group, using quorum sensing to sample population size and synchronize behavior. It is puzzling however, that swarming-proficient and virulent strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus are silenced for the vibrio archetypal pathway of quorum sensing. Here we describe the S-signal, a pheromone that can be communicated between cells in coculture to regulate surface colonization. This signal was harvested in cell-free supernatants and demonstrated to stimulate swarming gene expression at low cell density. The S-signal was generated by the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aminotransferase ScrA; signal reception required the periplasmic binding protein ScrB and the membranebound GGDEF-EAL domain-containing protein ScrC. ScrC is a bifunctional enzyme that has the ability to form and degrade the second messenger bis-(3′-5′) cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP). ScrA in neighboring cells was able to alter the activity of ScrC in a ScrB-dependent manner, transforming ScrC's repressing ability to inducing activity with respect to swarming. Conversely, cell-cell signaling repressed capsule gene expression. In summary, we report that quorum sensing can stimulate swarming in V. parahaemolyticus; it does so via an alternative pathway capable of generating an autoinducing signal that influences c-di-GMP, thereby expanding the lexicon and language of cell-cell communication. These signals are diverse and include linear and cyclic peptides, long-and short-chain N-acyl-homoserine lactones, γ-quinolones, and unsaturated fatty acids (reviewed in refs. 1 and 2). Some of these signals are easily diffusible small molecules, whereas others are more hydrophobic and can be membrane-or vesicle-associated (3). Many of these communication signals are highly genus or species specific, although one, the furanosyl borate diester product of LuxS, seems a more universally synthesized and recognized molecule (reviewed in ref. 4). These molecules are collectively called "autoinducers." It is thought that bacteria produce and use such signaling molecules to detect not only their neighbors and cell-population density, but also as a gauge to sample aspects of their environment, such as diffusion and confinement (reviewed in refs. 5 and 6). In a broad sense, quorum sensing allows coordination of population-wide activities, including swarming motility on surfaces, bioluminescence, virulence factor production, and biofilm dynamics (reviewed in refs. 7-9).In this context, the personality of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is perplexing because this bacterium clearly participates in behaviors that are social in nature: it is an excellent swarmer, a robust biofilm former, and a pathogen (reviewed in ref. 10). However, many of these group activities occur in a seemingly asocial cell type (11,12). Specifically, V. parahaemolyticus displays On/Off phase switching with respect to the archetypal pathway of quorum sensing in the Vibrion...

show abstract

“…Immediately adjacent to the K. pneumoniae mrk gene cluster are three genes that we have designated mrkH, mrkI, and mrkJ. The predicted amino acid sequence of MrkJ exhibits relatedness to bacterial phosphodiesterases possessing EAL domains (11,25,40). Therefore, we investigated whether this gene product exhibited phosphodiesterase activity and also played a role in type 3 fimbrial expression in K. pneumoniae.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). One of these genes, which we have designated mrkJ, exhibits homology to EAL domain containing phosphodiesterases (11,25,37,40). Consequently, we investigated the role of MrkJ in type 3 fimbrial gene expression by K. pneumoniae and its ability to function as a phosphodiesterase by using in vitro assays and in a previously described system used to detect this enzyme activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of MrkJ, a Phosphodiesterase, in Type 3 Fimbrial Expression and Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae

Johnson

Clegg

2010

J Bacteriol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that has been shown to adhere to human extracellular matrices using the type 3 fimbriae. Introduction of plasmids carrying genes known to alter intracellular cyclic-di-GMP pools in Vibrio parahaemolyticus revealed that these genes also altered type 3 fimbrial surface expression in K. pneumoniae. Immediately adjacent to the type 3 fimbrial gene cluster is a gene, mrkJ, that is related to a family of bacterial genes encoding phosphodiesterases. We identify here a role for MrkJ, a functional phosphodiesterase exhibiting homology to EAL domain-containing proteins, in controlling type 3 fimbria production and biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae. Deletion of mrkJ resulted in an increase in type 3 fimbria production and biofilm formation as a result of the accumulation of intracellular cyclic-di-GMP. This gene was shown to encode a functional phosphodiesterase via restoration of motility in a V. parahaemolyticus strain previously shown to accumulate cyclic-di-GMP and in vitro using phosphodiesterase activity assays. The effect of the mrkJ mutation on type 3 fimbrial expression was shown to be at the level of mrkA gene transcription by using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. These results reveal a previously unknown role for cyclic-di-GMP in type 3 fimbrial production.

show abstract

ScrG, a GGDEF-EAL Protein, Participates in Regulating Swarming and Sticking inVibrio parahaemolyticus

Cited by 84 publications

References 71 publications

Signals, Regulatory Networks, and Materials That Build and Break Bacterial Biofilms

Signals, Regulatory Networks, and Materials That Build and Break Bacterial Biofilms

Bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric GMP-linked quorum sensing controls swarming in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Role of MrkJ, a Phosphodiesterase, in Type 3 Fimbrial Expression and Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About