Scrupulosity in Islam: A Comparison of Highly Religious Turkish and Canadian Samples

İnözü, Müjgan; Clark, David A.; Karancı, A. Nuray

doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.06.002

Cited by 44 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Practicing Muslim women with OCD-W who were washing/cleaning for more than 60 minutes a day and who endorsed item 4 on the DRI ('My religious beliefs are what really lie behind my whole approach to life') were invited to participate in the study. This is similar to the recruitment strategy previously employed by other researchers examining the relationship between religiosity and OCD (e.g., (Inozu et al 2012a)). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Exploring Professional Help Seeking in Practicing Muslim Women with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Washing Subtype in Australia

2017

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Religion and religious practices can affect Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptom expression and influence the way that people with OCD seek advice or treatment. This study investigated the expression of OCD symptoms and help seeking for religious OCD symptoms among practicing Muslim women. Method: Five practicing Muslim women aged 33 to 45 years who had immigrated to Australia from Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Afghanistan and were diagnosed with OCD washing subtype (OCD-W) took part in semi-structured interviews. Data Analysis: Thematic Analysis within a scientific realist framework was employed. Results: The most common compulsions reported by participants were performing excessive washing and repeating rituals before prayer, and these behaviours were carried out to prevent being punished by God. All participants had sought help for their OCD symptoms from an Imam before seeking help from a mental health professional, and the delay between symptom onset and OCD diagnosis by a psychiatrist ranged from 5 to 13 years. Conclusion: Effective evidence-based interventions for OCD are available and increasing awareness of OCD symptoms and treatment among Imams has the potential to reduce the delay between symptom onset and access to treatment for practicing Muslims who seek help and support.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Exploring Professional Help Seeking in Practicing Muslim Women with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Washing Subtype in Australia

2017

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“…Entitlement predicts more anger at God independently of neuroticism and trait anger (GRUBBS, EXLINE, CAMPBELL, 2013) People who develop an addiction to religion may not recognize this as a problem, but religious addiction may still disrupt their personal, social, and professional lives. Subjectively recognizable R/S struggles such as fears of God and sin emerge in proportion to obsessive belief characteristics, which vary across both individuals and cultures (INOZU et al, 2012). In exceptionally pathological situations, cult leaders may cultivate dependence on the internal authority structure by framing their followers' preexisting support networks as channels of immoral or demonic influence.…”

Section: Personal and Subcultural Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, religious people report more moral struggles than nonreligious people, who collectively report levels of moral struggle similar to their levels of supernatural and interpersonal struggles (STAUNER et al, 2015a). The greater moral struggles among religious people may reflect tendencies of scrupulous cultures to express more concern about sin or of guilt-prone individuals to endorse more scrupulous beliefs (INOZU et al, 2012).…”

Section: Moral Strugglementioning

confidence: 99%

Religious and Spiritual Struggles as Concerns for Health and Well-Being

2016

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People struggle with religion and spirituality in several ways, including challenges in trusting God, confronting supernatural evil, tolerating other perspectives on religion, maintaining moral propriety, finding existential meaning, and managing religious doubt. These religious and spiritual (R/S) struggles relate to both physical and mental health independently of other religious and distress factors. Causality in this connection needs further study, but evidence supports many potential causes and moderators of the link between R/S struggle and health. These include personality, social, and environmental influences, including traumatic experiences and subcultural differences. Many theoretical questions remain unresolved, including how change in R/S struggle can predict or be predicted by change in health and other connected constructs, and how one might intervene to aid those who struggle with religious or spiritual challenges. Nonetheless, research momentum has grown, having already produced a wealth of information that underscores the need for greater attention to this domain. R/S struggle poses an important exception to generally positive overall associations between religion and well-being, though even R/S struggle may promote growth. This review offers a brief introduction to emerging psychological theory and research on R/S struggle with an emphasis on its relevance to wellness and illness.Keywords: religion; spirituality; struggle; stress; well-being; health ResumoAs pessoas experimentam conflitos com a religião e a espiritualidade de vários modos, incluindo os desafios em confiar em Deus, o confronto com o mal sobrenatural, a tolerância em relação a outras perspectivas sobre a religião, a manutenção do decoro moral, a busca de um sentido existencial e o gerenciamento da dúvida religiosa. Esses conflitos religiosos e espirituais (R/S) dizem respeito tanto à saúde física quanto a mental, independentemente de outros fatores religiosos e de sofrimento. A relação de causa e efeito, neste contexto, necessita de mais estudos, mas há evidências que apoiam a existência de muitas causas potenciais e moderadoras da relação entre conflitos Religiosos/Espirituais (R/S) e saúde. Estas incluem personalidade, influências sociais e ambientais, incluindo as experiências traumáticas e diferenças culturais. Várias questões teóricas permanecem pendentes, incluindo como a mudança nos conflitos religiosos e espirituais (R/S) poderia prever ou ser prognóstico de mudança na saúde e outras questões afins, e como se pode intervir para ajudar aqueles que enfrentam conflitos religiosos ou espirituais. No entanto, embora o montante da pesquisa tenha crescido, tendo produzindo inclusive uma riqueza de informações, ressalta-se a necessidade de uma maior atenção nesse campo Os conflitos religiosos/espirituais (R/S) colocam uma importante questão para a associação geralmente positiva entre religião e bem estar, ainda que os conflitos religiosos/espirituais (R/S) possam promover crescimento. Esse estudo oferece uma breve introdu...

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“…Scrupulosity's first known public description as a disorder was in 1691, by John Moore who called it "religious melancholy" and said it made people "fear that what they Ratner do, is so defective and unfit to be presented unto God, that he will not accept it." Scrupulosity can affect any devoutly religious denomination (Inozu, Clark & Karanci, 2011;Yoriulmaz, Gencoz & Woody, 2010). …”

Section: In Pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cultural Psychological Theory of Mental Illness, Supported by Research in Saudi Arabia

Ratner¹,

El-Badwi²

2011

Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless

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This article proposes a theory of psychological disturbance (mental illness) as a cultural phenomenon. The theory is based on -and extends --the general cultural psychological theory of Vygotsky, Luria, and Leontiev, as well as the specific social approach to psychopathy of Fromm, Foucault, Laing, and Rieber. We demonstrate that the psychodynamics of individual disturbances are shaped by normative, macro cultural factors, such as gender norms, religious doctrine, family structure, architecture, and clothing. We illustrate this cultural psychological analysis of individual psychology with a case study of a 25 year old Saudi obsessive compulsive patient in Riyadh backed by 50 interviews with students about family relations in Saudi Arabia. We discuss the therapeutic and political implications of our cultural theory of psychological disturbance.Keywords: mental illness, cultural psychology, Saudi Arabia, Vygotsky, Saudi family, Islam, OCD, scrupulosity, macro cultural factors, hajib, gender, Leontiev, emotions, political, ideology, cross-cultural psychology, psychological anthropology 218 Ratner Introduction to Cultural PsychologyIn this paper, we draw upon the general cultural psychological perspective developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, Vygotsky, Luria, A.N. Leontiev, and Carl Ratner, along with a specific cultural view of psychopathology articulated by Eric Fromm, Foucault, Laing, and Rieber, to provide a framework for a theory of psychological disturbance/mental illness. 1 We explain its scientific potential for comprehending mental illness, its therapeutic application, and its political potential for mitigating psychological distress.Bronfenbrenner conceptualized psychology as formed by a network of cultural factors. He conceptualized this network as a set of concentric circles with micro level interactions surrounded by meso-level factors, and ultimately by macro cultural factors which are social policies, overarching patterns of ideology and organization of the social institutions common to a particular culture or subculture. "Public policy is a part of the macro system determining the specific properties of exo-, meso-, and microsystems that occur at the level of everyday life and steer the course of behavior and development" (Bronfenbrenner, 1979, pp. 8-9; Ratner, 1991, pp. 172-178).In his article "Activity and Consciousness" (available online: http:// www.marxists.org/archive/leontev/works/1977/leon1977.htm)Leontiev (1977) says: "Despite all its diversity, all its special features, the activity[Tatigkeit] of the human individual is a system that obeys the system of relations of society. Outside these relations human activity does not exist.How it exists is determined by the forms and means of material and spiritual1 In this paper we use psychological disturbance interchangeably with the more widely used term mental illness. We are cognizant of the terminological difficulties of these terms and do not wish to address them here. We are using these terms non-technically to refer to the panoply of severe, ...

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Scrupulosity in Islam: A Comparison of Highly Religious Turkish and Canadian Samples

Cited by 44 publications

References 38 publications

Exploring Professional Help Seeking in Practicing Muslim Women with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Washing Subtype in Australia

Exploring Professional Help Seeking in Practicing Muslim Women with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Washing Subtype in Australia

Religious and Spiritual Struggles as Concerns for Health and Well-Being

A Cultural Psychological Theory of Mental Illness, Supported by Research in Saudi Arabia

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