Scrutinizing and rooting the multiple anomalies of Nepal earthquake sequence in 2015 with the deviation–time–space criterion and homologous lithosphere–coversphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling physics

Abstract

Abstract. The continuous increasing of Earth observations benefits geosciences and seismicity study but increases greatly the difficulties in understanding and discriminating multiple source data. Although the lithosphere–coversphere–atmosphere-ionosphere (LCAI) coupling paradigm and the deviation–time–space (DTS) criterion were presented for better searching for and understanding the potential seismic anomalies from multiple observations, the strict consistency of spatiotemporal characteristics and homologous physics of multiple-parameter seismic anomalies has not been investigated sufficiently. With the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence being a typical case, the reported multi-parameter anomalies were systematically reviewed, and their space–time characteristics were summarized thoroughly in this study. Numerical simulation with refined geological structures in three-dimensional space revealed the inhomogeneous crustal stress field alteration (CSFA) along the faults and around the hypocenters of the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence, which is expected to be the root of the seismic anomalies. The stress-activated positive charge carriers would have given rise to different responses near the ground surface (coversphere), including the microwave dielectric reduction, the additional infrared radiation, and the atmospheric ionization, which subsequently affected the physical properties of the atmosphere and the ionosphere and resulted in abnormal phenomena therein. Based on the DTS criterion and LCAI coupling paradigm, the seismic anomalies of the 2015 Nepal earthquakes were scrutinized strictly, and the retained anomalies were rooted carefully to the regional CSFA as well as its local blocking. Therefore, an integrated LCAI coupling framework with strict space–time correspondence and homologous physics in CSFA was proposed for the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence. This research provides a definite philosophy as well as a practical solution for scrutinizing the rootable seismic anomalies from multi-parameter observations of earthquakes, which is of scientific meanings for searching earthquake precursors and reaching earthquake prediction.

Multi-parametric study of seismogenic anomalies during the 2021 Crete earthquake (M=6.0)

“…Politis et al [2021] present a comprehensive analysis of VLF radio signal anomalies separately during the same EQ. Hayakawa et al [ , 2022, Chetia [2020], Marchetti et al [2019], Ouzounov et al [2021], Wu et al [2023] and Zang et al [2023] reported a similar extensive study for EQs in Japan, Italy, Nepal and China including more parameters like ULF/ELF emissions, VLF anomaly, air temperature, etc. that mostly corroborates the previous findings.…”

Impact of climatic anomalies and reservoir induced seismicity on earthquake generation using Federated Learning

“…Computational methods have been applied by different researchers to study the phenomena of earthquake generation and for its prediction. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as very promising domain that offers multiple methods that can be applied on datasets for prediction of outcomes [45]. Researchers have processed earthquake datasets of different regions using ML methods .…”

Observation of the Preparation Phase Associated with Mw = 7.2 Haiti Earthquake on 14 August 2021 from a Geophysical Data Point of View

“…Previous works identified an important feature: the spatial organisation of the anomalies before the earthquake [69,110], identifying a pattern that started far from the epicentre and gradually approached the incoming earthquake. However, in this work, only some considerations about the seismic patterns of Figure 1 can be discussed, as the anomalies in the atmosphere and ionosphere have been extracted in areas closer to the epicentre than the entire Dobrovolsky area.…”