Scutellaria baicalensis and its constituents baicalin and baicalein as antidotes or protective agents against chemical toxicities: a comprehensive review

Ahmadi, Ali; Mortazavi, Zoha; Mehri, Soghra; Hosseinzadeh, Hossein

doi:10.1007/s00210-022-02258-8

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 242 publications

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“…Moreover, it is effective in the protection of these organs against damage due to physical factors, such as radiation, heat, and noise. The same authors have also gathered and described the knowledge on protective and therapeutic effects of SB, baicalin, and baicalein against health damage due to chemical compounds that can cause intoxication after acute or chronic exposure and seriously affect various vital organs of the body, including brain, heart, liver, and kidneys [79]. Baicalin is significantly effective in healing various chemical insults, either directly or after conversion to baicalein.…”

Section: Protective Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baicalin—Current Trends in Detection Methods and Health-Promoting Properties

et al. 2023

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Baicalin (7-D-glucuronic acid-5,6-dihydroxyflavone) belongs to natural flavonoids extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, the plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been proven that baicalin has various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-apoptotic ones. However, it is essential not only to determine the medical usefulness of baicalin, but also to find and develop the most effective methods for its extraction and detection. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current methods of detection and identification of baicalin and to present the medical applications of baicalin and the underlying mechanisms of its action. Based on the review of the latest literature, it can be concluded that liquid chromatography alone or together with mass spectrometry is the most commonly used method for the determination of baicalin. Recently, also new electrochemical methods have been established, e.g., biosensors with fluorescence, which have better detection limits, sensitivity, and selectivity.

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Section: Protective Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baicalin—Current Trends in Detection Methods and Health-Promoting Properties

et al. 2023

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“…This indicates that long-term baicalin ingestion is safe and non-toxic. Moreover, this compound can protect organs and tissues against various toxins [ 6 , 98 ]. This is a relevant feature since some compounds may have contradictory action, alleviating diabetes-related changes at lower doses and aggravating them at higher doses [ 99 , 100 ].…”

Section: Effective Doses and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Diabetic Potential of Baicalin: Evidence from Rodent Studies

Szkudelski,

Szkudelska

2023

IJMS

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Baicalin is a biologically active flavonoid compound that benefits the organism in various pathological conditions. Rodent studies have shown that this compound effectively alleviates diabetes-related disturbances in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Baicalin supplementation limited hyperglycemia and improved insulin sensitivity. The anti-diabetic effects of baicalin covered the main insulin-sensitive tissues, i.e., the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, and the liver. In the muscle tissue, baicalin limited lipid accumulation and improved glucose transport. Baicalin therapy was associated with diminished adipose tissue content and increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Hepatic lipid accumulation and glucose output were also decreased as a result of baicalin supplementation. The molecular mechanism of the anti-diabetic action of this compound is pleiotropic and is associated with changes in the expression/action of pivotal enzymes and signaling molecules. Baicalin positively affected, among others, the tissue insulin receptor, glucose transporter, AMP-activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, carnitine palmitoyltransferase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase. Moreover, this compound ameliorated diabetes-related oxidative and inflammatory stress and reduced epigenetic modifications. Importantly, baicalin supplementation at the effective doses did not induce any side effects. Results of rodent studies imply that baicalin may be tested as an anti-diabetic agent in humans.

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“…Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a vital component of traditional Chinese medicine, and its dried roots have a long history of treating bitterness, cold, diarrhea, hemorrhage, and inflammation. This plant from the Lamiaceae family is rich in many kinds of flavonoids and is a primary source of baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A ( Ahmadi et al, 2022 ; Wang L. et al, 2022 ). Another group with plenty of physiological effects is the methoxylated flavones, such as tangeretin, diosmetin, and nobiletin, which are commonly found in the citrus family ( Raza et al, 2020 ; Mei et al, 2022 ; Huang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Flavones: Structure and Food Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nrf2-mediated therapeutic effects of dietary flavones in different diseases

Huang,

Zhong,

Gao

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Oxidative stress (OS) is a pathological status that occurs when the body’s balance between oxidants and antioxidant defense systems is broken, which can promote the development of many diseases. Nrf2, a redox-sensitive transcription encoded by NFE2L2, is the master regulator of phase II antioxidant enzymes and cytoprotective genes. In this context, Nrf2/ARE signaling can be a compelling target against OS-induced diseases. Recently, natural Nrf2/ARE regulators like dietary flavones have shown therapeutic potential in various acute and chronic diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cancer. In this review, we aim to summarize nrf2-mediated protective effects of flavones in different conditions. Firstly, we retrospected the mechanisms of how flavones regulate the Nrf2/ARE pathway and introduced the mediator role Nrf2 plays in inflammation and apoptosis. Then we review the evidence that flavones modulated Nrf2/ARE pathway to prevent diseases in experimental models. Based on these literature, we found that flavones could regulate Nrf2 expression by mechanisms below: 1) dissociating the binding between Nrf2 and Keap1 via PKC-mediated Nrf2 phosphorylation and P62-mediated Keap1 autophagic degradation; 2) regulating Nrf2 nuclear translocation by various kinases like AMPK, MAPKs, Fyn; 3) decreasing Nrf2 ubiquitination and degradation via activating sirt1 and PI3K/AKT-mediated GSK3 inhibition; and 4) epigenetic alternation of Nrf2 such as demethylation at the promoter region and histone acetylation. In conclusion, flavones targeting Nrf2 can be promising therapeutic agents for various OS-related disorders. However, there is a lack of investigations on human subjects, and new drug delivery systems to improve flavones’ treatment efficiency still need to be developed.

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Scutellaria baicalensis and its constituents baicalin and baicalein as antidotes or protective agents against chemical toxicities: a comprehensive review

Cited by 16 publications

References 242 publications

Baicalin—Current Trends in Detection Methods and Health-Promoting Properties

Baicalin—Current Trends in Detection Methods and Health-Promoting Properties

The Anti-Diabetic Potential of Baicalin: Evidence from Rodent Studies

Nrf2-mediated therapeutic effects of dietary flavones in different diseases

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