“…With the development of new generation communication technology and large-capacity signal processing technology, the demand for high-speed data transmission and large-capacity data processing is increasing. Various multiplexing methods have been proposed for this purpose, such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), space division multiplexing (SDM) and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) technologies [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Mode division multiplexing (MDM) has been considered as a promising technology [ 9 , 10 ] that can significantly improve the capacity of optical communication, on-chip interconnect, and computation [ 11 , 12 ].…”