SE Asian Palms for Agroforestry and Home Gardens

Barfod, Anders S.; Balhara, Manju; Dransfield, John; Balslev, Henrik

doi:10.3390/f6124389

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Nipa constitutes a plant resource of key importance that sustains livelihoods especially in rural areas. The large leaves are used for thatching and sugar-rich sap tapped from the inflorescence is processed into several products such as candy, alcohol for consumption and biofuel (Matsui et al 2014, Barfod et al 2015. Improving the understanding of the reproductive biology of N. fruticans is paramount for an effective management of this important plant resource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of beetles in the pollination of the mangrove palm Nypa fruticans

Straarup

Hoppe

Pooma³

et al. 2018

Nordic Journal of Botany

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The flowers of the mangrove palm Nypa fruticans attracts a diverse array of potential pollinators. However, little is known about the pollination mechanism and which functional groups are the key pollinators. Inflorescences of nine nipa palms of different flowering stages were observed three times a day between sunrise and sunset in Thailand. The apparent entomofauna activity was recorded and all inflorescences were collected for extraction and identification of the beetle fauna. Beetles extracted from female inflorescences were measured for pollen load. In addition, thermogenesis was recorded over two days on two separate inflorescences. The most frequent visitors were species of nitidulid (genus Epuraea and the subfamily Cillaeinae) and curculionid beetles. Although they only carried small amounts of pollen grains, these groups of beetles were omnipresent. Thermogenesis peaked around 6.30 am with temperature elevations reaching 6° above ambient. The result obtained in this study are compared with those of previous studies conducted elsewhere in Thailand and in the Philippinies. The combined evidence strongly suggests a pivotal role in pollination of beetle visitors to the inflorescences of Nypa fruticans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of beetles in the pollination of the mangrove palm Nypa fruticans

Straarup

Hoppe

Pooma³

et al. 2018

Nordic Journal of Botany

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“…Leaf sheaths were used for making traditional clothes and working tools for thousands of years [14,15]. The application was relatively primitive, and much material was wasted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of the Windmill Palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) and Its Application Potential

Zhu¹,

Wang

et al. 2019

Forests

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The windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) H. Wendl.) is widely distributed and is an important potential source of lignocellulosic materials. The lack of knowledge on the anatomy of the windmill palm has led to its inefficient use. In this paper, the diversity in vascular bundle types, shape, surface, and tissue proportions in the leaf sheaths and stems were studied with digital microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Simultaneously, fiber dimensions, fiber surfaces, cell wall ultrastructure, and micromechanics were studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a nanoindenter. There is diversity among vascular bundles in stems and leaf sheaths. All vascular bundles in the stems are type B (circular vascular tissue (VT) at the edge of the fibrous sheath (FS)) while the leaf sheath vascular bundles mostly belong to type C (aliform (VT) at the center of the (FS), with the wings of the (VT) extending to the edge of the vascular bundles). In addition, variation among the vascular bundle area and tissue proportion in the radial direction of the stems and different layers of the leaf sheaths is also significant. Microscopically, the fibers in the stem are much wider and longer than that in the leaf sheath. The secondary walls of stem fibers are triple layered while those in the leaf sheath are double layered. The indentation modulus and hardness of the cell wall of leaf sheath fibers are higher than that of the stem. An independent sample t-test also showed a significant difference between stems and leaf sheaths. All this indicates that windmill palm stems and leaf sheaths are two different materials and have different application prospects.

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“…Because of the long juvenile period and a preference for female plants for fruit production, growers hesitate to expand the plantation, and this limits the utilization of this palm. Being able to identify the sexes of Asian Palmyra palm at seedling stages will provide better designs for the crop production through optimal male and female ratios, breeding programs, conservation and utilization (Davis & Johnson, 1987; Barfod et al, 2015; Sirajuddin et al, 2016). Molecular markers for sex identification in Asian Palmyra palm is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards sex identification of Asian Palmyra palm (Borassus flabelliferL.) by DNA fingerprinting, suppression subtractive hybridization andde novotranscriptome sequencing

Pipatchartlearnwong

Juntawong

Wonnapinij

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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BackgroundAsian Palmyra palm, the source of palm-sugar, is dioecious with a long juvenile period requiring at least 12 years to reach its maturity. To date, there is no reliable molecular marker for identifying sexes before the first bloom, limiting crop designs and utilization. We aimed to identify sex-linked markers for this palm using PCR-based DNA fingerprinting, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and transcriptome sequencing.MethodsDNA fingerprints were generated between males and females based on RAPD, AFLP, SCoT, modified SCoT, ILP, and SSR techniques. Large-scale cloning and screening of SSH libraries andde novotranscriptome sequencing of male and female cDNA from inflorescences were performed to identify sex-specific genes for developing sex-linked markers.ResultsThrough extensive screening and re-testing of the DNA fingerprints (up to 1,204 primer pairs) and transcripts from SSH (>10,000 clones) and transcriptome data, however, no sex-linked marker was identified. Althoughde novotranscriptome sequencing of male and female inflorescences provided ∼32 million reads and 187,083 assembled transcripts, PCR analysis of selected sex-highly represented transcripts did not yield any sex-linked marker. This result may suggest the complexity and small sex-determining region of the Asian Palmyra palm. To this end, we provide the first global transcripts of male and female inflorescences of Asian Palmyra palm. Interestingly, sequence annotation revealed a large proportion of transcripts related to sucrose metabolism, which corresponds to the sucrose-rich sap produced in the inflorescences, and these transcripts will be useful for further understanding of sucrose production in sugar crop plants. Provided lists of sex-specific and differential-expressed transcripts would be beneficial to the further study of sexual development and sex-linked markers in palms and related species.

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SE Asian Palms for Agroforestry and Home Gardens

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

The role of beetles in the pollination of the mangrove palm Nypa fruticans

The role of beetles in the pollination of the mangrove palm Nypa fruticans

Anatomy of the Windmill Palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) and Its Application Potential

Towards sex identification of Asian Palmyra palm (Borassus flabelliferL.) by DNA fingerprinting, suppression subtractive hybridization andde novotranscriptome sequencing

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