¿se Justifica El Tratamiento De La Recidiva Local Del Cáncer De Recto?

Abstract

Treatment of local relapses of rectal cancerThe treatment of local relapses of rectal cancer requires a multimodal strategy. The preoperative assessment should consider the performance status of the patient, determine the precise anatomical involvement and look for distant metastases. The risk factors for a local relapse are the height of the tumor, the type of intervention, an elevated carcinoembryonic antigen in the preoperative period, the circumferential margin involvement and the stage of the tumor. The prognostic factors for an established local relapse are the type of surgery for the primary tumor (local excision, anterior or abdominoperineal resection), the type of relapse (staging), the presence of symptoms (profound pelvic pain) and specially the possibility of achieving a complete resection. A systematic analysis of 55 reports concluded that a radical resection with curative intention was achieved in 40% of cases. Preoperative external or intraoperative radiotherapy was used in 12 to 97% and 8 to 91% of cases respectively. Thirty days postoperative mortality was 2.2%, the rates of local control of the tumor ranged from 29 to 100% and five years survival was at least 25% with a superior limit of 41%. Although there are no clear guidelines for the management of these patients, there is a growing consensus in the use of preoperative radiotherapy to achieve better surgical results. Therefore a multimodal treatment of local relapses is justified.Key words: Rectal cancer, local relapse, surgery. ResumenEl tratamiento actual de la recidiva local (RL) del cáncer de recto representa un verdadero desafío para el equipo multidisciplinario que debe manejar esta seria complicación con una estrategia de terapia multimodal. La evaluación preoperatoria de la RL considera el status perfomance del paciente y busca establecer el compromiso anatómico preciso, así como descartar enfermedad a distancia. Entre los factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de una RL destacan la altura del tumor (bajo), el tipo de intervención (RAP), el CEA preoperatorio elevado, la perforación intraoperatoria, el compromiso del margen circunferencial y el estadio del tumor