Sea and Lake Breezes: A Review of Numerical Studies

Crosman, Erik T.; Horel, John D.

doi:10.1007/s10546-010-9517-9

Cited by 279 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(359 reference statements)

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“…This can lead to a transport of pollutants from high emission areas onwards to inhabited areas (Gariazzo et al, 2007) or a closed recirculation and hence accumulation of pollutants (Crosman and Horel, 2016;Lo et al, 2006;Rimetz-Planchon et al, 2008). Most of these works have in common that the background circulation reduces the relevance of the local effects (Crosman and Horel, 2010). For coastal mountain cities there is, however, also the possibility of an interaction between local circulations such as local breezes and cold air pools (Holmer et al, 1999;Lareau et al, 2013).…”

Section: Observational Perspective On Air Pollution In Coastal Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of local air quality to the interplay between small- and large-scale circulations: a large-eddy simulation study

Wolf¹,

Esau²,

Reuder

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Street-level urban air pollution is a challenging concern for modern urban societies. Pollution dispersion models assume that the concentrations decrease monotonically with raising wind speed. This convenient assumption breaks down when applied to flows with local recirculations such as those found in topographically complex coastal areas. This study looks at a practically important and sufficiently common case of air pollution in a coastal valley city. Here, the observed concentrations are determined by the interaction between large-scale topographically forced and local-scale breeze-like recirculations.Analysis of a long observational dataset in Bergen, Norway, revealed that the most extreme cases of recurring wintertime air pollution episodes were accompanied by increased large-scale wind speeds above the valley. Contrary to the theoretical assumption and intuitive expectations, the maximum NO 2 concentrations were not found for the lowest 10 m ERA-Interim wind speeds but in situations with wind speeds of 3 m s −1 . To explain this phenomenon, we investigated empirical relationships between the large-scale forcing and the local wind and air quality parameters. We conducted 16 large-eddy simulation (LES) experiments with the Parallelised Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM) for atmospheric and oceanic flows. The LES accounted for the realistic relief and coastal configuration as well as for the large-scale forcing and local surface condition heterogeneity in Bergen. They revealed that emerging local breeze-like circulations strongly enhance the urban ventilation and dispersion of the air pollutants in situations with weak largescale winds. Slightly stronger large-scale winds, however, can counteract these local recirculations, leading to enhanced surface air stagnation.Furthermore, this study looks at the concrete impact of the relative configuration of warmer water bodies in the city and the major transport corridor. We found that a relatively small local water body acted as a barrier for the horizontal transport of air pollutants from the largest street in the valley and along the valley bottom, transporting them vertically instead and hence diluting them. We found that the stable stratification accumulates the street-level pollution from the transport corridor in shallow air pockets near the surface. The polluted air pockets are transported by the local recirculations to other less polluted areas with only slow dilution. This combination of relatively long distance and complex transport paths together with weak dispersion is not sufficiently resolved in classical air pollution models. The findings have important implications for the air quality predictions over urban areas. Any prediction not resolving these, or similar local dynamic features, might not be able to correctly simulate the dispersion of pollutants in cities.

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Section: Observational Perspective On Air Pollution In Coastal Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of local air quality to the interplay between small- and large-scale circulations: a large-eddy simulation study

Wolf¹,

Esau²,

Reuder

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The lower atmosphere is dominated by a Persian Trough causing a semipermanent large scale westerly flow over Israel [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The interaction of the large scale diurnal wind oscillation and the sea breeze (SB) is controlled by local meteorological conditions such as land-sea temperature difference, the large scale wind and the thermal convection [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Kalmikov [22] analyzed theoretically and quantitatively the hypothesis of the mesoscale coastal circulations predominance in the inversion generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coastal Boundary Layer and Air Pollution - A High Temporal Resolution Analysis in the East Mediterranean Coast

Uzan¹,

Alpert²

2012

TOASCJ

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Abstract:The East Mediterranean (EM) coast is characterized by warm sea temperatures and a nearly linear coastline. Both parameters influence the sea breeze front and the atmospheric conditions most relevant to air pollution dispersion. Here, the high resolution boundary-layer diurnal variation is highlighted leading to a distinct pattern of spatial-temporal air pollution dispersion, for over 25 years, from Israel's largest coal-fired power plant. Over 4,000 air pollution events were segregated by semi-objective synoptic systems and 7 years of boundary layer profiles carried out by acoustic radar. Results clarify why the highest air pollution events occur during summer at 12:00-15:00 h through the average coincident drop of the boundary layer height down to 450 m above the ground. Here, the interaction between the synoptics and the sea-breezes is shown to play a significant role in the specific air pollution pattern.

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“…(6) we approximated the derivative of q tot as the difference between the two patches q tot divided by the penetration length of the front, L front (Crosman and Horel, 2010).…”

Section: Advectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simplified model of precipitation enhancement over a heterogeneous surface

Hohenegger

2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Soil moisture heterogeneities influence the onset of convection and subsequent evolution of precipitating systems through the triggering of mesoscale circulations. However, local evaporation also plays a role in determining precipitation amounts. Here we aim at disentangling the effect of advection and evaporation on precipitation over the course of a diurnal cycle by formulating a simple conceptual model. The derivation of the model is inspired by the results of simulations performed with a high-resolution (250 m) large eddy simulation model over a surface with varying degrees of heterogeneity. A key element of the conceptual model is the representation of precipitation as a weighted sum of advection and evaporation, each weighed by its own efficiency. The model is then used to isolate the main parameters that control precipitation variations over a spatially drier patch. It is found that these changes surprisingly do not depend on soil moisture itself but instead purely on parameters that describe the atmospheric initial state. The likelihood for enhanced precipitation over drier soils is discussed based on these parameters. Additional experiments are used to test the validity of the model.

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Sea and Lake Breezes: A Review of Numerical Studies

Cited by 279 publications

References 176 publications

Sensitivity of local air quality to the interplay between small- and large-scale circulations: a large-eddy simulation study

Sensitivity of local air quality to the interplay between small- and large-scale circulations: a large-eddy simulation study

The Coastal Boundary Layer and Air Pollution - A High Temporal Resolution Analysis in the East Mediterranean Coast

A simplified model of precipitation enhancement over a heterogeneous surface

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