Sea anemones of Singapore:<i>Synpeachia temasek</i>new genus, new species, and redescription of<i>Metapeachia tropica</i>(Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Haloclavidae)

Yap, Nicholas Wei Liang; Fautin, Daphne G.; Ramos, Dino Angelo E.; Tan, Ria

doi:10.2988/0006-324x-127.3.439

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…All species within this family always inhabit sand or mud on the seafloor. There are 11 genera and 34 species known in this family worldwide (Daly et al 2007;Fautin 2013;Fautin et al 2007;Lauretta et al 2011;Yap et al 2014;Izumi et al 2016Izumi et al , 2017Daly and Fautin 2018; Barragán et al 2019). In Japan, five species in four genera of this family have been reported: Anemonactis mazeli (Jourdan, 1880); Harenactis attenuata Torrey, 1902;Peachia quinquecapitata McMurrich, 1913; Antennapeachia setouchi Izumi et al 2016;and Antennapeachia jambio Izumi et al 2017 (Yanagi 2006;Izumi et al 2016Izumi et al , 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive revision of Anemonactis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Haloclavidae) in Japan: reestablishment of Anemonactis minuta (Wassilieff, 1908) comb. nov. and description of Anemonactis tohrui sp. nov.

2020

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Specimens of the sea anemone Halcampella minuta Wassilieff, 1908, (Actiniaria: Haloclavidae) were collected from several localities in Japan during 2014-2017. Although this species had previously been synonymized with Anemonactis mazeli (Jourdan, 1880) due to its smaller size and fewer tentacles, it was under dispute whether this sea anemone was in fact a different species. In this study, the taxon is redescribed from newly collected material and assigned to the genus Anemonactis Andres, 1881 as Anemonactis minuta (Wassilieff, 1908) comb. nov. Its differences from all considered valid species in this genus are discussed. Furthermore, the Atlanto-Mediterranean species Anemonactis mazeli has been considered cosmopolitan by some authors. However, the study of additional material suggests that most of the previous records of this species in Japanese waters belong to a new species, Anemonactis tohrui sp. nov., proposed herein. Keywords New species. Acrosphere. Large basitrich. Neotype. Biological dredge. Misaki. Kamogawa This article is registered in ZooBank under http://zoobank.org/338EEB33-FE8E-456B-A98C-5F79F41D07B6.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive revision of Anemonactis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Haloclavidae) in Japan: reestablishment of Anemonactis minuta (Wassilieff, 1908) comb. nov. and description of Anemonactis tohrui sp. nov.

2020

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“…Cnidae were viewed at 1000 × magnification. We also examined discharged capsules from living specimens, to confirm identities of cnidae encountered (see Yap et al 2014). Cnidae taxonomy follows Mariscal (1974).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to this study, 25 anemones which are well known taxonomically were identified from Singapore (see Fautin et al 2009, 2015; Yap et al 2014; Fautin and Tan 2016). Unlike these species, disagreements still persist for the diagnosis of Phymanthus and species attributed to this genus (Pax 1924; Carlgren 1949; Gonzalez-Muñoz et al 2015), so clearly a taxonomical revision is overdue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877

Yap¹,

Tan²,

Yong³

et al. 2019

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Despite the ubiquity of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) in tropical ecosystems, our understanding of their biodiversity and taxonomy is limited. Here we re-establish the identity of an intertidal zooxanthellate species, Phymanthuspinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877. Originally described from a single preserved specimen in the Berlin Museum by CB Klunzinger, his brief footnote lacked crucial details to positively identify the species. Our redescription is based on more than 50 living individuals of P.pinnulatus collected from its type locality, Singapore. These were examined and compared with type materials of the species and its congeners. Specimens of P.pinnulatus differ from syntypes of species described as Phymanthuslevis Kwietniewski, 1898 from Indonesia, as well as Phymanthussansibaricus Carlgren, 1900 and Phymanthusstrandesi Carlgren, 1900, both described from East Africa. Phymanthuspinnulatus was encountered on the lower intertidal, among coral rubble and between rocky crevices. It is vibrantly coloured and has 96 marginal tentacles with branching outgrowths along each, resulting in a ‘frilly’ appearance. The anemone has a flat expanded oral disc, with discal tentacles that are inconspicuous and reduced, unlike syntypes of its congeners. Details of its live appearance, musculature, and cnidom are also provided for the first time. Overall, types of cnidae and capsule sizes differ from other known species of Phymanthus documented elsewhere. It is inferred that P.pinnulatus has a wide distribution that extends eastwards from Singapore, as far as Ambon and the Torres Straits. Some individuals reported as Phymanthusmuscosus Haddon and Shackleton, 1893 and Phymanthusbuitendijki Pax, 1924 are probably P.pinnulatus. This morphological analysis provides new insights into the characters used to delimit P.pinnulatus, clarifies its geographical distribution, and contributes to an ongoing revision of the genus Phymanthus.

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“…However, to verify Carlgren's (1943: 31) measurements of fired basitrich capsules from the holotype of H. insignis, we also measured these. Furthermore, we used fired capsules obtained from live individuals to confirm the identities of other cnidae types encountered in the tissues of the materials examined (see Yap et al, 2014). For some preserved specimens (including type material), we found it difficult to isolate and measure cnidae from the tissue sampled due to the state, age, and rigidity of the preserved material.…”

Section: Morphological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We confirm the presence of microbasic amastigophores in live materials examined for cnidae; this cnidae type has not been reported in Heteranthus. Because unfired capsules of microbasic amastigophores strongly resemble those of microbasic p-mastigophores in preserved specimens, they may have been mistaken for the latter and were not reported (see Östman, 2000;Yap et al, 2014).…”

Section: Phylogeny Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carlgren’s hesitation allayed: redescription and systematics of Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a redefinition of Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900

et al. 2020

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Species boundaries delineating tropical sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of the zooxanthellate genus, Heteranthus Klunzinger, 1877, are unclear. There are currently two valid Heteranthus species: type species Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877, first reported from Koseir, Egypt, and H. insignis Carlgren, 1943, from Poulo Condore, Vietnam. In describing the latter from a single, poorly preserved specimen, zoologist Oskar Carlgren expressed apprehension with traits he had used to establish this species. Carlgren’s doubts persisted later in writing when he found a similar-looking sea anemone from the Great Barrier Reef. Crucial details to positively identify either species have since remained limited. Here, we re-diagnosed Heteranthus and re-described its type species based on observations of specimens we have obtained from Singapore and Pulau Ambon (Indonesia), and of museum material collected elsewhere across the Indo-West Pacific region (n > 180). Supported by molecular phylogenetic evidence, the family Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900 was reinstated and re-diagnosed. Heteranthus verruculatus is encountered in the lower intertidal region amongst seagrass, in rocky crevices, or coral rubble. It occurs as solitary individuals or in clonal clusters, well-camouflaged against the substratum. Individuals were observed to frequently propagate by longitudinal fission, resulting in a varied appearance. Type material of H. verruculatus and H. insignis were re-examined and as we found no differences between them, the two were synonymised. We inferred that Carlgren probably misinterpreted cnidae and histological data in defining H. insignis as a distinct species. This revision clarifies the taxonomy and geographic range of H. verruculatus, an Indo-West Pacific species that is found from the Red Sea to subtropical Australia and Hawaii.

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Sea anemones of Singapore:Synpeachia temaseknew genus, new species, and redescription ofMetapeachia tropica(Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Haloclavidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Comprehensive revision of Anemonactis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Haloclavidae) in Japan: reestablishment of Anemonactis minuta (Wassilieff, 1908) comb. nov. and description of Anemonactis tohrui sp. nov.

Comprehensive revision of Anemonactis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Haloclavidae) in Japan: reestablishment of Anemonactis minuta (Wassilieff, 1908) comb. nov. and description of Anemonactis tohrui sp. nov.

Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877

Carlgren’s hesitation allayed: redescription and systematics of Heteranthus verruculatus Klunzinger, 1877 (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a redefinition of Heteranthidae Carlgren, 1900

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