Sea-ice extent and variability in the Nordic seas, 1967—2002

Kvingedal, Børge

doi:10.1029/158gm04

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This area is also characterized by large interannual and decal variability with respect to sea-ice extent (Vinje 1999) and the overall decline in both sea-ice concentration and sea-ice extent in the Arctic since 1979 are widely documented (e.g., Parkinson and Cavalieri 2008;Comiso et al 2008;Comiso 2012). Many studies have shown that some of the most dramatic changes have taken place in the northern Barents Sea and in the areas around Svalbard (see e.g., Kvingedal 2005;Meier et al 2007;Overland and Wang 2007).…”

Section: Upwellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

At the rainbow’s end: high productivity fueled by winter upwelling along an Arctic shelf

et al. 2014

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Herein we document findings from a unique scientific expedition north of Svalbard in the middle of the polar night in January 2012, where we observed an ice edge north of 82°N coupled with pronounced upwelling. The area north of Svalbard has probably been ice-covered during winter in the period from approximately 1790 until the 1980s, a period during which heavy ice conditions have prevailed in the Barents Sea and Svalbard waters. However, recent winters have been characterized by midwinter open water conditions on the shelf, concomitant with northeasterly along-shelf winds in January 2012. The resulting northward Ekman transport resulted in a strong upwelling of Atlantic Water along the shelf. We suggest that a reduction in sea ice and the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters seen in the winter of 2012 created conditions similar to those that occurred during the peak of the European whaling period and that this combination of physical features was in fact the driving force behind the high primary and secondary production of diatoms and Calanus spp., which sustained the large historical stocks of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in Arctic waters near Spitsbergen.

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Section: Upwellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

At the rainbow’s end: high productivity fueled by winter upwelling along an Arctic shelf

et al. 2014

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“…It is also one of the largest shallow shelves ad-2 jacent to the Arctic Ocean (1.4×10 6 km 2 ), and the deepest (230 m). The ice extent shows large seasonal variations (Kvingedal, 2005), which provides favorable conditions for ice formation and subsequent brine release. As a consequence there is seasonal formation of dense water in the Barents Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense water formation and circulation in the Barents Sea

Årthun

Ingvaldsen

Smedsrud

et al. 2011

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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Dense water masses from Arctic shelf seas are an important part of the Arctic thermohaline system. We present previously unpublished observations from shallow banks in the Barents Sea, which reveal large interannual variability in dense water temperature and salinity. To examine the formation and circulation of dense water, and the processes governing interannual variability, a regional coupled ice-ocean model is applied to the Barents

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“…It accounts for a substantial part of the dense water that is formed within the Arctic (Martin & Cavalieri 1989) and is therefore important for the renewal of the Intermediate and Deep Water in the Arctic Ocean (Rudels et al 1994;Jones et al 1995;Rudels et al 2000). The continuous advection of warm AW keeps a substantial part of the Barents Sea ice-free year-round (Kvingedal 2005), resulting in a large net heat flux from the ocean to the atmosphere (Simonsen & Haugan 1996;Smedsrud et al 2010). Several processes contribute to the modifications of the BSBW (Pfirman et al 1994;Rudels et al 1994;Ožigin & Ivšin 1999;Rudels et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Formation of Barents Sea Branch Water in the north-eastern Barents Sea

Lien

Trofimov²

2013

Polar Research

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The Barents Sea throughflow accounts for approximately half of the Atlantic Water advection to the Arctic Ocean, while the other half flows through Fram Strait. Within the Barents Sea, the Atlantic Water undergoes considerable modifications before entering the Arctic Ocean through the St. Anna Trough. While the inflow area in the south-western Barents Sea is regularly monitored, oceanographic data from the outflow area to the north-east are very scarce. Here, we use conductivity, temperature and depth data from August/September 2008 to describe in detail the water masses present in the downstream area of the Barents Sea, their spatial distribution and transformations. Both Cold Deep Water, formed locally through winter convection and ice-freezing processes, and Atlantic Water, modified mainly through atmospheric cooling, contribute directly to the Barents Sea Branch Water. As a consequence, it consists of a dense core characterized by a temperature and salinity maximum associated with the Atlantic Water, in addition to the colder, less saline and less dense core commonly referred to as the Barents Sea Branch Water core. The denser core likely constitutes a substantial part of the total flow, and it is more saline and considerably denser than the Fram Strait branch as observed within the St. Anna Trough. Despite the recent warming of the Barents Sea, the Barents Sea Branch Water is denser than observed in the 1990s, and the bottom water observed in the St. Anna Trough matches the potential density at 2000 m depth in the Arctic Ocean

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Sea-ice extent and variability in the Nordic seas, 1967—2002

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

At the rainbow’s end: high productivity fueled by winter upwelling along an Arctic shelf

At the rainbow’s end: high productivity fueled by winter upwelling along an Arctic shelf

Dense water formation and circulation in the Barents Sea

Formation of Barents Sea Branch Water in the north-eastern Barents Sea

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