2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.009
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Sea ice in the paleoclimate system: the challenge of reconstructing sea ice from proxies – an introduction

Abstract: a b s t r a c tSea ice is an important component of the Earth system with complex dynamics imperfectly documented from direct observations, which are primarily limited to the last 40 years. Whereas large amplitude variations of sea ice have been recorded, especially in the Arctic, with a strikingly fast decrease in recent years partly attributed to the impact of anthropogenic climate changes, little is known about the natural variability of the sea ice cover at multi-decadal to multi-millennial time scales. He… Show more

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Cited by 96 publications
(82 citation statements)
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“…Other impacts on the storm track relate to sea-ice and sea-surface temperature distributions (Kageyama and Valdes, 2000): during the LGM, for example, extensive Arctic/North Atlantic sea-ice cover is thought to have caused considerable southward storm-track displacement (e.g., Kageyama et al, 1999). These various influences likely account for the significant difference in EIS distributions between the PGM and LGM (e.g., Liakka et al, 2016), given that (i) the PGM had less extensive and seasonally open sea-ice conditions, relative to extensive and severe sea-ice conditions during the LGM (e.g., Spielhagen et al, 2004;Nørgaard-Pedersen et al, 2007;Polyak et al, 2010;de Vernal et al, 2013;Arndt et al, 2014;L€ owemark et al, 2016), and (ii) the NAIS was smaller/lower during the PGM than during the LGM (e.g., Ehlers et al, 2011a).…”
Section: Synthesis Of Pgm Ice-sheet Extents Mapping and Datingmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Other impacts on the storm track relate to sea-ice and sea-surface temperature distributions (Kageyama and Valdes, 2000): during the LGM, for example, extensive Arctic/North Atlantic sea-ice cover is thought to have caused considerable southward storm-track displacement (e.g., Kageyama et al, 1999). These various influences likely account for the significant difference in EIS distributions between the PGM and LGM (e.g., Liakka et al, 2016), given that (i) the PGM had less extensive and seasonally open sea-ice conditions, relative to extensive and severe sea-ice conditions during the LGM (e.g., Spielhagen et al, 2004;Nørgaard-Pedersen et al, 2007;Polyak et al, 2010;de Vernal et al, 2013;Arndt et al, 2014;L€ owemark et al, 2016), and (ii) the NAIS was smaller/lower during the PGM than during the LGM (e.g., Ehlers et al, 2011a).…”
Section: Synthesis Of Pgm Ice-sheet Extents Mapping and Datingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, pore-water d sw measurements are different in the deep Pacific, and northern and southern Atlantic between the LGM and today ; the inferred changes suggest a large freshwater imbalance in the northern convecting regions during the LGM, with an important role for increased sea-ice formation and export. Given the great difference in Arctic sea-ice conditions that has been inferred between the PGM (less extensive and seasonally open) and LGM (extensive and severe sea-ice conditions) (Knies et al, 2000;Polyak et al, 2010;de Vernal et al, 2013;Niessen et al, 2013;Arndt et al, 2014;Jakobsson et al, 2010Jakobsson et al, , 2014bL€ owemark et al, 2016), a difference in both the isotopic composition and volumetric contribution of northern-sourced deep waters might be expected between the two glacial periods. There are some hints of local d sw differences between the two glacial intervals (e.g., Skinner and Shackleton, 2005), with a shoaled hydrographic gradient separating northern-and southern-sourced deep waters and a potentially weaker North Atlantic overturning cell during the PGM.…”
Section: The Global D 18 O:sea-level/ice-volume Relationshipmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ongoing severe reduction of Arctic sea ice is largely ascribed to anthropogenic effects, but the current rate of sea-ice reduction is much faster than predicted by models, with rates exceeding the expected effect from temperature change (IPCC, 2013). The factors controlling sea-ice variability are poorly understood, and the provision of sea-ice reconstructions extending back in time beyond the instrumental and satellite era is therefore critical (Masse et al, 2008;Müller et al, 2009;Stein et al, 2012;Belt and Müller, 2013;Collins et al, 2013;de Vernal et al, 2013;Weckstr€ om et al, 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…S ea ice plays an important role in the global climate system because it influences albedo, heat and gas exchange, freshwater budget, ocean stratification, and deep water mass formation, among other ocean characteristics (1,2). Presently, there is great concern that with ongoing warming, Arctic sea-ice decline is accelerating at an unprecedented pace not seen in at least the past 1,450 y (3).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%