Sea Island to City. a Study of St. Helena Islanders in Harlem and Other Urban Centers

Kiser, Clyde V.

doi:10.7312/kise92750

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…For example, the Illinois Central Railroad provided potential migrants in Louisiana and Mississippi with relatively direct access to Chicago (Lemann 1991). For those in Georgia and South Carolina, the existing rail and highway connections made Philadelphia, New York, and Boston more-common destinations (Ballard 1994, Kiser 1932. When migration to the West intensified, Highway 66 and the Southern Pacific Railroad were avenues by which migrants from Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas reached California (Gregory 1989).…”

Section: Into the "Promised Land": Where Did The Migrants Go And How mentioning

confidence: 97%

The African American “Great Migration” and Beyond

2003

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▪ Abstract During the twentieth century, African Americans participated in one of the most significant demographic events in U.S. history. Their “Great Migration” from the South to the North contributed to profound social, economic, demographic, and cultural changes in northern cities. After the Great Migration, blacks continued to move in search of opportunity as some returned to the South, while others moved to suburbs or better neighborhoods within the North. My review focuses on the Great Migration by discussing research that has examined its causes, the characteristics of the participants, the adaptation of migrants to northern society, and their impact on northern cities. I also briefly review research on return migration to the South and residential mobility by African Americans. Finally, I identify key issues and discuss possible data sources for future research.

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Section: Into the "Promised Land": Where Did The Migrants Go And How mentioning

confidence: 97%

The African American “Great Migration” and Beyond

2003

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“…However, the greatest potential developed in the industrial North as the World War I economy and the restriction of European immigration created opportunities and wages that simply were unavailable to blacks in the South (Donald 1921;Gottlieb 1987;Kennedy 1930;Kiser 1967Kiser [1932 Woofter 1920). Often this promise was as close as a nearby plantation.…”

Section: Economic Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900-1930

Tolnay¹,

Beck²

1990

Social Science History

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“…Between 1900 and 1910, St. Helena Island alone experienced a 25 percent decline in its population as more than 2000 residents left for better opportunities. 55 The mass outward migration was coupled with a renewed political attack by the region's enemies. In 1890, South Carolina's Democratic Party was divided and still under threat from being defeated by a third party that could unite black Sea Islanders and poor whites.…”

Section: T H E S E a I S L A N D S A F T E R T H E R E L I E F E F F mentioning

confidence: 99%

“A Grim Memorial of Its Thorough Work of Devastation and Desolation”: Race and Memory in the Aftermath of the 1893 Sea Island Storm

Bland¹

2018

J. gilded age prog. era

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“‘A Grim Memorial of Its Thorough Work of Devastation and Desolation’: Race and Memory in the Aftermath of the 1893 Sea Island Storm” explores the political struggle that ensued in the aftermath of the August 1893 hurricane. The storm, which decimated the predominantly African American South Carolina Sea Islands, required a nine-month relief effort to assist the region's citizens in their time of need. Led by the American Red Cross, the relief effort became a new proxy for a long-standing debate over the legacy of Reconstruction and the meaning of black citizenship. This battle, waged by leaders in South Carolina's Democratic Party, Red Cross officials, writers in the national press, former abolitionists, and African Americans living in the South Carolina Sea Islands, exposed growing fissures in how Americans understood notions of charity and self-help. More than a battleground for still-nascent ideas of disaster relief, the political turmoil that followed the 1893 Sea Island Storm played a critical role in redefining the racial boundaries of the United States on the eve of the Jim Crow era.

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Sea Island to City. a Study of St. Helena Islanders in Harlem and Other Urban Centers

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The African American “Great Migration” and Beyond

The African American “Great Migration” and Beyond

Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900-1930

“A Grim Memorial of Its Thorough Work of Devastation and Desolation”: Race and Memory in the Aftermath of the 1893 Sea Island Storm

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