Sea Level Change Through the Last Glacial Cycle

Lambeck, Kurt; Chappell, John

doi:10.1126/science.1059549

Cited by 1,750 publications

(1,307 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The global melting of the large ice sheets over a couple of millennia caused a 30 m rise in absolute sea level (Lambeck and Chappell, 2001). A consequence of this was the flooding of the Öresund Strait, believed to be the main gateway for the onset of the marine Littorina Sea stage.…”

Section: Glacial-interglacial History Of the Baltic Sea Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Burden of Anemia

Kassebaum

2016

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

606

520

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Abstract. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) expedition 347 cored sediments from different settings of the Baltic Sea covering the last glacial-interglacial cycle. The main aim was to study the geological development of the Baltic Sea in relation to the extreme climate variability of the region with changing ice cover and major shifts in temperature, salinity, and biological communities. Using the Greatship Manisha as a European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) mission-specific platform, we recovered 1.6 km of core from nine sites of which four were additionally cored for microbiology. The sites covered the gateway to the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean, several sub-basins in the southern Baltic Sea, a deep basin in the central Baltic Sea, and a river estuary in the north.The waxing and waning of the Scandinavian ice sheet has profoundly affected the Baltic Sea sediments. During the Weichselian, progressing glaciers reshaped the submarine landscape and displaced sedimentary deposits from earlier Quaternary time. As the glaciers retreated they left a complex pattern of till, sand, and lacustrine clay, which in the basins has since been covered by a thick deposit of Holocene, organic-rich clay. Due to the stratified water column of the brackish Baltic Sea and the recurrent and widespread anoxia, the deeper basins harbor laminated sediments that provide a unique opportunity for high-resolution chronological studies.The Baltic Sea is a eutrophic intra-continental sea that is strongly impacted by terrestrial runoff and nutrient fluxes. The Holocene deposits are recorded today to be up to 50 m deep and geochemically affected by diagenetic alterations driven by organic matter degradation. Many of the cored sequences were highly supersaturated with respect to methane, which caused strong degassing upon core recovery. The depth distributions of conservative sea water ions still reflected the transition at the end of the last glaciation from fresh-water clays to Holocene brackish mud. High-resolution sampling and analyses of interstitial water chemistry revealed the intensive mineralization and zonation of the predominant biogeochemical processes. Quantification of microbial cells in the sediments yielded some of the highest cell densities yet recorded by scientific drilling.

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Section: Glacial-interglacial History Of the Baltic Sea Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Burden of Anemia

Kassebaum

2016

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

606

520

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“…This could have happened during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) understood as the minimum relative sea level (RSL;~26-19 ka ago; [102][103][104]). Likewise, even tens of thousands of years before the LGM, the ITCZ southward shift [13] and the paleolake transgressions on the Bolivian Altiplano [10,11] reveal a humid and favorable paleoclimate.…”

Section: The Glaciers Maximum Extension and The Polygenic Moraines Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospecting Glacial Ages and Paleoclimatic Reconstructions Northeastward of Nevado Coropuna (16° S, 73° W, 6377 m), Arid Tropical Andes

et al. 2018

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This work investigates the timing, paleoclimatic framework and inter-hemispheric teleconnections inferred from the glaciers last maximum extension and the deglaciation onset in the Arid Tropical Andes. A study area was selected to the northeastward of the Nevado Coropuna, the volcano currently covered by the largest tropical glacier on Earth. The current glacier extent, the moraines deposited in the past and paleoglaciers at their maximum extension have been mapped. The present and past Equilibrium Line Altitudes (ELA and paleoELA) have been reconstructed and the chlorine-36 ages have been calculated, for preliminary absolute dating of glacial and volcanic processes. The paleoELA depression, the thermometers installed in the study area and the accumulation data previously published allowed development of paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation models. The Coropuna glaciers were in maximum extension (or glacial standstill) 20-12 ka ago (and maybe earlier). This last maximum extension was contemporary to the Heinrich 2-1 and Younger Dryas events and the Tauca and Coipasa paleolake transgressions on Bolivian Altiplano. The maximum paleoELA depression (991 m) shows a colder (−6.4 • C) and moister climate with precipitation ×1.2-×2.8 higher than the present. The deglaciation onset in the Arid Tropical Andes was 15-11 ka ago, earlier in the most southern, arid, and low mountains and later in the northernmost, less arid, and higher mountains.

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“…Since the formation of knickzones requires differential vertical motion between distinct base levels (Burbank and Anderson, 2001), and because no sea level drop occurred during the late Holocene (e.g. Lambeck and Chappell, 2001), the occurrence of knickzones in the Swiss Plateau suggests that the local geomorphic base level (i.e. the northern portion of the Swiss Plateau including the reference station in Aarburg, Fig.…”

Section: Post-lgm Redistribution Of Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion-driven uplift of the modern Central Alps

et al. 2009

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We present a compilation of data of modern tectono-geomorphic processes in the Central European Alps which suggest that observed rock uplift is a response to climate-driven denudation. This interpretation is predominantly based on the recent quantification of basinaveraged Late Holocene denudation rates that are so similar to the pattern and rates of rock uplift rates as determined by geodetic leveling. Furthermore, a GPS data-based synthesis of Adriatic microplate kinematics suggests that the Central Alps are currently not in a state of active convergence. Finally, we illustrate that the Central Alps have acted as a closed system for Holocene redistribution of sediment in which the peri-Alpine lakes have operated as a sink for the erosional products of the inner Central Alps.While various hypotheses have been put forward to explain Central Alpine rock uplift (e.g. lithospheric forcing by convergence, mantle processes, or ice melting) we show with an elastic model of lithospheric deformation, that the correlation between erosion and rock uplift rates reflects a positive feedback between denudation and the associated isostatic response to unloading. Thus, erosion does not passively respond to advection of crustal material as might be the case in actively converging orogens. Rather, we suggest that the geomorphic response of the Alpine topography to glacial and fluvial erosion and the resulting disequilibrium for modern channelized and associated hillslope processes explains much of the pattern of modern denudation and hence rock uplift. Therefore, in a non-convergent orogen such as the Central European Alps, the observed vertical rock uplift is primarily a consequence of passive unloading due to erosion.

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Sea Level Change Through the Last Glacial Cycle

Cited by 1,750 publications

References 71 publications

The Global Burden of Anemia

The Global Burden of Anemia

Prospecting Glacial Ages and Paleoclimatic Reconstructions Northeastward of Nevado Coropuna (16° S, 73° W, 6377 m), Arid Tropical Andes

Erosion-driven uplift of the modern Central Alps

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