This manuscript ,has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedtbrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete mam1script and there are missing pages, these will be noted Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wiD indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and contim1jng from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original mannscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are avafiable for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library.Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgement the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. I also wish to acknowledge LPL. Specifically, I again thank Professor Jay :Vlelosh (for my first publication), Professor Chuck Sonett (for the opportunity to witness the world:s largest tsunamis), Dr. :YIike )j'olan (solver of my endless computing problems) and the graduate students of yesteryear: Dr. Pat Hartigan, Dr. David Grinspoon. Dr. Phil :Ylaloney, Dr. Bob Marcialis, Dr. Erik Asphaug, Dr. Mark Sykes. Dr. Nadine Barlow: Gramps. Cameron vVilliams many and others.My deepest appreciation goes to my true love Tracey Anne Horn and her most precious family for enduring hell with me and blessing me with unconditional love. Last but not least. I thank the :Ylyott's of Springfield, Oregon who helped me through the ordeal of moving here so very long ago. I told you I would remember! 5 DEDICATION
LIST OF FIGURES -Continued2.4 The toroidal magnetic field strength at the core-mantle boundary as a function of the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle for five specific values of lower mantl...