Sea-level changes in Iceland and the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the last half millennium

Saher, Margot; Gehrels, W. Roland; Barlow, Natasha; Long, Antony J.; Haigh, Ivan D.; Blaauw, Maarten

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.11.005

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The resulting three sea-level reconstructions, plus previously published records from New Jersey (Kemp et al, 2013) and North Carolina (Kemp et al, 2011), are shown in Figure 1. To place the records in a larger-scale geographical context, a recent record from Viðarhólmi, Iceland, is also shown (Gehrels et al, 2006;Saher et al, 2015). The record from Nova Scotia (Chezzetcook) spans a full millennium and is arguably the best-dated sea-level reconstruction over this time interval from any coastline in the world (70 dated levels, Table S1).…”

Section: Historical Sea-level Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preindustrial Sea‐Level Rise Hotspot Along the Atlantic Coast of North America

Gehrels

Dangendorf

Barlow

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Atlantic coast of North America north of Cape Hatteras has been proposed as a “hotspot” of late 20th century sea‐level rise. Here we test, using salt‐marsh proxy sea‐level records, if this coast experienced enhanced sea‐level rise over earlier multidecadal‐centennial periods. While we find in agreement with previous studies that 20th century rates of sea‐level change were higher compared to rates during preceding centuries, rates of 18th century sea‐level rise were only slightly lower, suggesting that the “hotspot” is a reoccurring feature for at least three centuries. Proxy sea‐level records from North America (Iceland) are negatively (positively) correlated with centennial changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation. They are consistent with sea‐level “fingerprints” of Arctic ice melt, and we therefore hypothesize that sea‐level fluctuations are related to changes in Arctic land‐ice mass. Predictions of future sea‐level rise should take into account these long‐term fluctuating rates of natural sea‐level change.

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Section: Historical Sea-level Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preindustrial Sea‐Level Rise Hotspot Along the Atlantic Coast of North America

Gehrels

Dangendorf

Barlow

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Atmospheric forcing is moderated by and coupled to the response of the ocean circulation over various timescales [35, 36, 37•, 38, 39]. Remotely forced DSL changes, particularly over longer timescales, are often associated with natural modes of variability of the climate system (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation [40,41] and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) [42,43]). Secular climate trends and variability over these longer timescales may interact with shorter-period sealevel variability, such as the seasonal cycle [44] or El Niño Southern Oscillation [45,46].…”

Section: Ocean-atmosphere Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Variability of Sea-Level Change

Kopp

Hay

Little

et al. 2015

Curr Clim Change Rep

128

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Local sea-level changes differ significantly from global-mean sea-level change as a result of (1) non-climatic, geological background processes; (2) atmosphere/ocean dynamics; and (3) the gravitational, elastic, and rotational "fingerprint" effects of ice and ocean mass redistribution. Though the research communities working on these different effects each have a long history, the integration of all these different processes into interpretations of past changes and projections of future change is an active area of research. Fully characterizing the past contributions of these processes requires information from sources covering a range of timescales, including geological proxies, tide-gauge observations from the last~3 centuries, and satellite-altimetry data from the last~2 decades. Local sea-level rise projections must account for the different spatial patterns of different processes, as well as potential correlations between different drivers.

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“…Phases of ocean circulation (via the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; AMOC), sea-surface temperature distribution (via the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; AMO) and atmospheric modes (via the North Atlantic Oscillation; NAO) are intercorrelated (McCarthy et al, 2015) and exhibit phase periods across annual (Cunningham et al, 2007), multidecadal (Curry et al, 1998;Bryden et al, 2005;Trouet et al, 2009), centennial (Hall et al, 2004;Wanamaker et al, 2012) and millennial (McManus et al, 2004;Böhm et al, 2015) scales. These processes set up baroclinic gradients in the North Atlantic that drive spatially uneven patterns of RSL changes across a range of timescales (e.g., Sallanger et al, 2012;Ezer, 2013;Saher et al, 2015). Changes in North Atlantic circulation strength over the past millennium (Rahmstorf et al, 2015) correlate with RSL variations observed along the eastern sea-board of North America (Gehrels 1999;Gehrels et al, 2002;Kemp et al, 2011Kemp et al, , 2013Kemp et al, , 2014Kemp et al, , 2017a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Holocene sea-level changes in eastern Québec and potential drivers

Barnett

Bernatchez

Garneau

et al. 2019

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Late Holocene sea-level changes can be reconstructed from salt-marsh sediments with decimetre-scale precision and decadal-scale resolution. These records of relative sea-level changes comprise the net sea-level contributions from mechanisms that act across local, regional and global scales. Recent efforts help to constrain the relative significance of these mechanisms that include sediment dynamics and isostasy, which cause relative sea-level changes via vertical land motion, ocean-atmosphere processes that influence regional-scale ocean mass redistribution, and ocean-cryosphere and steric interactions that drive global scale ocean-volume changes. There remains a paucity of high-resolution Late Holocene sea-level data from eastern Canada. This precludes an interrogation of the mechanisms that define sea-level changes over recent centuries and millennia in a region sensitive to oceanic (Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation), atmospheric (North Atlantic Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation) and cryospheric (ice-mass balance) changes. We present new relative sea-level data that span the past three millennia from Baie des Chaleurs in the Gulf of St. Lawrence generated using salt-marsh foraminifera supported with plant macrofossil analyses. The accompanying chronology is based on radiocarbon and radionuclide analyses, which are independently verified using trace metal and microcharcoal records. Relative sea level has risen at a mean rate of 0.93 ±1.25 mm yr-1 over the past ~1500 years. Residual structure within the reconstruction ('internal variability') has contributed up to an additional 0.61 ±0.46 mm yr-1 of shortlived RSL rise prior to 1800 CE. Following a sea-level low stand during the Little Ice Age, acceleration in relative sea-level rise is identified between 1800 and 1900 CE within the estimates of internal variability and from 1950 CE to present in both the secular and residual trends. Phases of relative sea-level changes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence are concomitant with periods of glacier mass loss following the Little Ice Age, phase periods of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and Northern Hemisphere warming. Quantifying the individual effects of these different mechanisms is important for understanding how ocean-atmosphere processes redistribute ocean-mass upon larger scale background ocean-volume changes.

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Sea-level changes in Iceland and the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the last half millennium

Cited by 23 publications

References 82 publications

A Preindustrial Sea‐Level Rise Hotspot Along the Atlantic Coast of North America

A Preindustrial Sea‐Level Rise Hotspot Along the Atlantic Coast of North America

Geographic Variability of Sea-Level Change

Late Holocene sea-level changes in eastern Québec and potential drivers

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