Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Ecosystems

Plag, Hans‐Peter; Jules-Plag, S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384703-4.00419-6

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Since this time, sea level has risen by at least 30 m with the disappearance of continental glaciers, as fluvial sediments deposited during that time are located 30 m lower than the current sea level. The impact of climate change on sea level rise will significantly affect coastal environments including causing threats to human health [10] and a decline in groundwater resource availability in coastal areas [11]. Sea level rise during the 20 th century has mainly been a result of ocean warming and the input of ice melt from land, which can produce an immediate effect of submergence, increased coastal land flooding, and saltwater intrusion [12].…”

Section: Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eustatic sea level generally rose during the Cenozoic era, well reflecting the sea-level change in relation to the growth and decline of glaciers [7]. During the period of the last glacial maximum (15,(0)(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18),000 before present (BP)), sea level was 120 m lower than the present day [8,9]. During the years 100,000-200,000 BP, sea level change caused by glaciers is closely related to the formation of offshore sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Hydrogeologic and Paleo-Geographic Characteristics of Riverside Alluvium at an Artificial Recharge Site in Korea

Lee

Hamm

et al. 2018

Water

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This study showed the hydrogeological characteristics of an alluvial aquifer that is composed of sand, silt, and clay layers in a small domain. It can be classified into a lower high-salinity layer and an upper freshwater layer and contains shells and remnant paleo-seawater (average 5000 µS/cm) due to sea level fluctuation. Geological and electrical conductivity logging, a long-term pumping test, and multi-depth water quality measurements were conducted at pumping, injection, and observational wells to evaluate the hydrogeologic properties, identify the optimal recharge rate, and assess artificial recharge. Using a hydraulic test, a large difference in drawdown and salinity appeared at the radially located observational wells because of the difference in hydraulic connectivity between the wells in the small study area. It was concluded that the hydraulic anisotropy and heterogeneity of the alluvial aquifer should be carefully examined when locating an injection well and considering the efficient design of artificial recharge.

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Section: Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hydrogeologic and Paleo-Geographic Characteristics of Riverside Alluvium at an Artificial Recharge Site in Korea

Lee

Hamm

et al. 2018

Water

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“…The low and deltaic northeastern and northwestern coasts of Lake Alakol are the most prone areas to flooding. The rise in the water level turns the wetlands into open-water lakes and turns dryland into wetlands [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Vulnerability of the Coast of Lake Alakol to Modern Geomorphological Processes of Relief Formation

Medeu

Valeyev

Akiyanova

et al. 2023

Land

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Over the last few decades, increasing water levels of Lake Alakol have led to the activation of processes of modern relief formation of the coastal territory. This study will make it possible to assess the vulnerability of the lake shore to modern relief-forming processes, which pose a threat to the economic and infrastructural development of the coast. Through a combination of field research methods, analysis of the archival materials and satellite images, GIS mapping, as well as the application of the Coastal Vulnerability Index, developed by Gornitz, a map of the modern relief of the coast of Lake Alakol was created, where 13 geomorphological types of relief were identified, and a map of relief-forming processes and leading exogenous processes were identified. The values of the assessment of the degree of vulnerability of the coast to dangerous processes by the Gornitz method were obtained, where a high vulnerability covers 67.4% of the coast, an average vulnerability covers 2.9%, a weak vulnerability covers 13.3%, and low vulnerability occupies 16.4% of the coast. The degree of vulnerability of types of relief in the study area, the coast of Lake Alakol, was determined. High degree occupies 42.8% of the study area, medium—30.7%, weak—25.4%, and low 1.1%. A map of the complex assessment of the degree of vulnerability of the coast of Lake Alakol was created. It was revealed that low accumulative types of relief of the northwest and northeast coasts and alluvial-proluvial types of relief are highly vulnerable due to waterlogging and the intensity of abrasion processes. Identified natural features of the relief formation of the coast of Lake Alakol are recommended as a basis for making decisions on the planning and implementation of any economic activities on the coast, including infrastructure development of the coast and strengthening of the shores.

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“…Sea‐level rise is considered to be one of the main impacts of climate change, with significant implications for mineralization processes within coastal wetlands (Nicholls and Cazenave 2010; Neubauer 2013; Plag and Jules‐Plag 2013; Hahn et al 2015; Wang et al 2016). In particular, coastline retreat may cause submergence of terrestrial, organic carbon‐rich peat sediments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon release and transformation from coastal peat deposits controlled by submarine groundwater discharge: a column experiment study

Kreuzburg

Rezanezhad

Milojevic

et al. 2020

Limnology & Oceanography

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Although the majority of coastal sediments consist of sandy material, in some areas marine ingression caused the submergence of terrestrial carbon-rich peat soils. This affects the coastal carbon balance, as peat represents a potential carbon source. We performed a column experiment to better understand the coupled flow and biogeochemical processes governing carbon transformations in submerged peat under coastal fresh groundwater (GW) discharge and brackish water intrusion. The columns contained naturally layered sediments with and without peat (organic carbon content in peat 39 AE 14 wt%), alternately supplied with oxygen-rich brackish water from above and oxygen-poor, low-saline GW from below. The low-saline GW discharge through the peat significantly increased the release and ascent of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the peat (δ 13 C DOC − 26.9‰ to − 27.7‰), which was accompanied by the production of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), implying DOC mineralization. Oxygen respiration, sulfate (SO 2 − 4 ) reduction, and methane (CH 4 ) formation were differently pronounced in the sediments and were accompanied with higher microbial abundances in peat compared to sand with SO 2 − 4 -reducing bacteria clearly dominating methanogens. With decreasing salinity and SO 2− 4 concentrations, CH 4 emission rates increased from 16.5 to 77.3 μmol m −2 d −1 during a 14-day, low-saline GW discharge phase. In contrast, oxygenated brackish water intrusion resulted in lower DOC and DIC pore water concentrations and significantly lower CH 4 and CO 2 emissions. Our study illustrates the strong dependence of carbon cycling in shallow coastal areas with submerged peat deposits on the flow and mixing dynamics within the subterranean estuary.Sea-level rise is considered to be one of the main impacts of climate change, with significant implications for mineralization processes within coastal wetlands (Nicholls and Cazenave 2010;Neubauer 2013;Plag and Jules-Plag 2013;Hahn et al. 2015;Wang et al. 2016). In particular, coastline retreat may cause submergence of terrestrial, organic carbonrich peat sediments. The extent of submarine peat and the process-based impacts on carbon transformation processes and exchange of trace gases in shallow coastal areas have been poorly addressed. Sediment column experiments are powerful tools to investigate subprocesses and simulate changes of environmental and hydrological conditions. These changes are accelerated by land subsidence of peatland caused by their large-scale drainage for agricultural use. Land subsidence alters the hydrologic exchange processes across the land-sea interface (Nieuwenhuis and Schokking 1997;Hooijer et al. 2012) including changes in surficial runoff, subsurface mixing, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD).SGD is comprised of all flow of water from the seabed into the coastal ocean, predominantly recirculated seawater (SW), driven by wave action, density gradients, and sea-level dynamics (Robinson et al.

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Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Ecosystems

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

Hydrogeologic and Paleo-Geographic Characteristics of Riverside Alluvium at an Artificial Recharge Site in Korea

Hydrogeologic and Paleo-Geographic Characteristics of Riverside Alluvium at an Artificial Recharge Site in Korea

Assessment of the Vulnerability of the Coast of Lake Alakol to Modern Geomorphological Processes of Relief Formation

Carbon release and transformation from coastal peat deposits controlled by submarine groundwater discharge: a column experiment study

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