Sea of Okhotsk’ Tidal Energy Resources for Hydrogen Production and Exports

Berezkin, M. Yu.; Degtyarev, Kirill; Sinyugin, O.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16575-7_22

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Lithium mining in Australia is mainly open pit, producing spodumene concentrate, that is processed then into lithium. Most of Chile's production comes from salt brines with high lithium concentrations [1]. Lithium is also found in seawater in low concentrations, but at the moment there is no economically viable technology for its extraction.…”

Section: Historical Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While demand for nickel, cobalt and manganese may depend on the choice of cathode chemistry, lithium is the mainstay of all types of lithium-ion batteries, including lithium-ion phosphate (LFP) batteries. While technological innovation is accelerating progress in the commercialization of much more energy-intensive and thermally safe all-solid-state batteries (ASSB), they also come with lithium metal anodes [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Market dynamics of lithium as a key element for modern energy

2023

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Oil has been and continues to be the “black gold” of the energy industry, and now the “white gold” of the energy industry has appeared - this is the alkali metal lithium. Lithium-ion batteries сharge smartphones, laptops and electric vehicles. Some developed countries have committed to phasing out new gasoline and diesel vehicles by 2040. In 2021, global sales of electric vehicles, the main driver of the lithium market, grew 1.5 times. A further increase in demand in 2022 will mean a continued shortage of lithium this year, as consumption of the material outstrips production and depletes stocks. As the world’s car manufacturers shift from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles, the need for new supplies of raw materials increases. The influence of environmental and political motives on the dynamics of supply and demand for lithium in the world is being discussed. Lithium deficiency can become a real limiting factor in achieving energy transition goals.

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Section: Historical Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%