Sea-salt particles in the upper tropical troposphere

Ikegami, Machiko; Okada, Kikuo; Zaizen, Yuji; Makino, Yukio

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v46i2.15759

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The mean Na + /Mg 2+ ratios were 5.1,4.4 and 5.4 for sites A, B and C, respectively, which are close to the sea-water Na + /Mg 2+ ratio (4.14) according to Ikegami and others (1994) and Mclnnes and others (1994). They found no fractionation of Mg 2+ relative to Na + in aerosol collected from a remote marine boundary layer or the upper tropical troposphere.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Chemical and isotopic profiles from snow pits and shallow firn cores on Campbell Glacier, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Gragnani¹,

Smiraglia

Stenni

et al. 1998

A. Glaciology.

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ABSTRACT. The chemica l (Na+, K +, M g2 +, Ca 2 +, CH 3 S0 3 -(MSA ), C l-, N0 3 , S0 4 2 -) a nd isotopic (8 18 0 ) composition of snow and firn samples fro m CampbeJl G lacier, north ern Victori a L a nd, Ant arcti ca, was studi ed to evaluate the acc umul a ti on rate of snow a nd to investigate the chemical contribution from some emi ssion so urces (marine biogenic activity, sea a nd crust). During the 1994-95 Ita li a n Anta rctic Expediti on, snow a nd firn were collected from snow pits and fro m cores obtained from drilling at three sites (A: 74°4I 'S, 164°30' E; B: 74°15' S, 164°04' E; C: 73°45' S, 163°20' E ), located at 50 m (on the fl oating glacier to ng ue), 800 m a nd 1580 m a.s.!. , respecti vely.The mean concentration of sea salt decreased with increasing dista nce fro m the coast a nd with altitude. Generally, the Na + /K + and Na + /Ca 2+ ratios we re much lower than the bulk sea-water ratios at sites B a nd C. The M SA showed mea n concentrations (0.27 a nd 0.17 !leg I-I at sites B a nd C, respectively) consistent with data obtained from other Anta rctic sites. T he mean concen trations ofNO l ranged from 2. 1 peg I -I (site A) to 0.97 !leg I I (site C ). T he mean nss (non-sea-salt ) S04 IS0 42-ratio was -0.055, 0.54 a nd 0.42 at sites A, B a nd C, respectively. M oreover, the relationship between Ca 2 +, nssCa 2 +, SO /-and nssS0 4 2 -was gui te different at sites B and C. In order to explain the relationships between the elements a nd co mpounds studied a t these sites, chemical fractionation a nd /or reacti ons inside air masses a nd different origin of th e air masses at the two sites should be co nsidered.A comparison of the isoto pic a nd chemical pro files was carri ed out in order to provide a more reliable ch ro nological scale. Th e chemical and 818 0 seasonal vari ations recorded along the fi rn cores fro m the upp er site of Campbell G lacier seem to be fa irly hom ogeneous. This made it possibl e to identi fy ma ny annual cycles (14-18 years for the 7 m firn core). Using the measured density values, the accumul ation rate was also calcul ated for lower and upp'er Campbell G lacier. It did not appear to differ between th e two sites (150-170 kg m -2 a I a t site B a nd 140-180 kg m 2 a I a t site C) a nd is in keeping with rates calculated previously for the same a rea.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Chemical and isotopic profiles from snow pits and shallow firn cores on Campbell Glacier, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Gragnani¹,

Smiraglia

Stenni

et al. 1998

A. Glaciology.

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“…Because of acid attack, HCl is formed and escapes from marine aerosol, so that the marine aerosol becomes Cl depleted, Cl losses increasing from a few percents up to several tens of percents as aerosol ages. Slight deficit of chloride indicates [Ikegami et al, 1994] that rapid transport from oceanic sources by prevailing western winds prevent marine salts from being significantly modified by atmospheric oxidation processes. The profile of methanesulfonate (MSA) (Figure 9), a sulphur oxidation product of marine biogenic origin, matches closely the sodium profile.…”

Section: Marine Inputs and Deuterium Excess: Complementary Markers Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

A promising location in Patagonia for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions revealed by a shallow firn core from Monte San Valentín (Northern Patagonia Icefield, Chile)

et al. 2008

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International audienceThe study of past climate variability from ice core investigations has been largely developed both in polar areas over the past decades and, more recently, in tropical regions, specifically along the South American Andes between 0° and 20°S. However a large gap still remains at mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. In this framework, a 15.3-m long shallow firn core has been extracted in March 2005 from the summit plateau of Monte San Valentín (3747 m, 46°35′S, 73°19′W) in the Northern Patagonia Icefield to test its potential for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The firn temperature is −11.9°C at 10-m depth allowing to expect well preserved both chemical and isotopic signals, unperturbed by water percolation. The dating of the core, on the basis of a multi-proxy approach combining annual layer counting and radionuclide measurements, shows that past environment and climate can be reconstructed back to the mid-1960s. A mean annual snow accumulation rate of 36 ± 3 cm year−1 (i.e., 19 ± 2 g cm−2 year−1) is inferred, with a snow density varying between 0.35 and 0.6 g cm−3, which is much lower than accumulation rates previously reported in Patagonia at lower elevations. Here, we present and discuss high-resolution profiles of the isotopic composition of the snow and selected chemical markers. These data provide original information on environmental conditions prevailing over Southern Patagonia in terms of air masses trajectories and origins and biogeochemical reservoirs. Our main conclusion is that the San Valentín site is not only influenced by air masses originating from the southern Pacific and directly transported by the prevailing west winds but also by inputs from South American continental sources from the E–NE, sometimes mixed with circumpolar aged air masses, the relative influence of these two very distinct source areas changing at the interannual timescale. Thus this site should offer a wealth of information regarding (South) Pacific, Argentinian NE–E areas and Antarctic climate variability

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“…where X is C1 or Br [Behnke et al, 1991[Behnke et al, , 1992[Behnke et al, , 1994[Behnke et al, , 1996[Behnke et al, , 1997Fenter et al, 1994Fenter et al, , 1996 Table 1) and the absence of direct •neasureinents of these species in the winter Arctic troposphere. On the other hand, BrONO2 was included in the •nodel calculation because of its higher uptake coefficient as given in Table 1 despite [1994] a The values were used in model calculation.…”

Section: Pan + H20 (Aerosol) --> No3-+ Ch3c(o)o-+ Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HenceNO-a-in sea-salt particles must be caused by heterogeneous processes in these cases. Nitrite on sea-salt particles could also be caused by heterogeneous processes on sea-salt particles as reported by Li[1994]. Details of internal mixing of NO2' and sea salts will be described elsewhere(K. Hara et al, manuscript preparation, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of inorganic nitrates in winter Arctic troposphere: Coarse aerosol particles containing inorganic nitrates

Hara¹,

Osada²,

Hayashi³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles and acidic gases were collected at Ny-Alesund, Norwegian high Arctic, in winter (December -March) of 1994/1995, 1995/1996 and 1996/1997 to understand the sink processes of atmospheric inorganic nitrate and reactive nitrogen oxides. At•nospheric inorganic nitrates were mostly present as particulate NO3-in the coarse mode defined as diameter >2.3 jim) of which major constituents were sea-salt compounds such as Na + and C1-. The number fraction of coarse aerosol particles containing NO3-increased in aged oceanic air masses. The internal mixing between sea-salt particles and inorganic nitrates revealed by individual particle analysis implies that uptake of gaseous HNO3 and/or formation of particulate NO3' through heterogeneous processes occurs on sea-salt particles. A simple uptake model was used to estimate the production rate of particulate NO3-due to these processes. Model calculations showed that the formation of particulate NO3-was mainly due to the uptake of gaseous HNO3 on sea-salt particles in winter Arctic. However, the heterogeneous formation from N:Os and NO3 also makes an important contribution to the formation of particulate NO3-under no and/or weak solar radiation in winter Arctic (polar night). Thus the heterogeneous formation of NO3-on sea-salt particles may play an important role as a sink of reactive nitrogen oxide in winter Arctic.

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Sea-salt particles in the upper tropical troposphere

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Chemical and isotopic profiles from snow pits and shallow firn cores on Campbell Glacier, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Chemical and isotopic profiles from snow pits and shallow firn cores on Campbell Glacier, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

A promising location in Patagonia for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions revealed by a shallow firn core from Monte San Valentín (Northern Patagonia Icefield, Chile)

Fractionation of inorganic nitrates in winter Arctic troposphere: Coarse aerosol particles containing inorganic nitrates

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