Sea Snake Investigation in the Gulf of Thailand

Tu, Anthony T.; Collins, Fort

doi:10.2307/1563165

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Data from David and Ineich (), McCarthy and Warrell (), Murphy et al (), Rasmussen et al (), Smith (), Taylor (), and Tu ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on a set of 13,927 marine snakes collected from the Gulf of Thailand between 1969 and 1972 along with their relative abundance (Tu ). Yes, species present; no, species absent in the Tu () study. Examination of some of the voucher specimens from the Tu () study revealed some misidentifications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yes, species present; no, species absent in the Tu () study. Examination of some of the voucher specimens from the Tu () study revealed some misidentifications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there have been several studies on the conservation aspects of terrestrial snakes in the region, the exploitation of sea snakes (marine elapids, Elapidae) in Vietnam, or in Southeast Asia in general, has received very little attention apart from a few and limited reports (Punay , ; Bussarawit et al ; Auliya ). Despite their lethal venom and the lack of antivenom for sea snake bite treatment, and notwithstanding the inherent difficulties of capturing them, sea snakes have been harvested and used for their meat, blood, and skin for many years in southern Vietnam (Tu ; Warrell ). [Correction added after online publication on November 26, 2014: “antivenin” replaced with correct word: “antivenom”.]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sea Snake Harvest in the Gulf of Thailand

Cao

Tao

Moore

et al. 2014

Conservation Biology

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Conservation of sea snakes is virtually nonexistent in Asia, and its role in human-snake interactions in terms of catch, trade, and snakebites as an occupational hazard is mostly unexplored. We collected data on sea snake landings from the Gulf of Thailand, a hotspot for sea snake harvest by squid fishers operating out of the ports of Song Doc and Khanh Hoi, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam. The data were collected during documentation of the steps of the trading process and through interviewers with participants in the trade. Squid vessels return to ports once per lunar synodic cycle and fishers sell snakes to merchants who sort, package, and ship the snakes to various destinations in Vietnam and China for human consumption and as a source of traditional remedies. Annually, 82 t, roughly equal to 225,500 individuals, of live sea snakes are brought to ports. To our knowledge, this rate of harvest constitutes one of the largest venomous snake and marine reptile harvest activities in the world today. Lapemis curtus and Hydrophis cyanocinctus constituted about 85% of the snake biomass, and Acalyptophis peronii, Aipysurus eydouxii, Hydrophis atriceps, H. belcheri, H. lamberti, and H. ornatus made up the remainder. Our results establish a quantitative baseline for characteristics of catch, trade, and uses of sea snakes. Other key observations include the timing of the trade to the lunar cycle, a decline of sea snakes harvested over the study period (approximately 30% decline in mass over 4 years), and the treatment of sea snake bites with rhinoceros horn. Emerging markets in Southeast Asia drive the harvest of venomous sea snakes in the Gulf of Thailand and sea snake bites present a potentially lethal occupational hazard. We call for implementation of monitoring programs to further address the conservation implications of this large-scale marine reptile exploitation.

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“…Data from David and Ineich (), McCarthy and Warrell (), Murphy et al (), Rasmussen et al (), Smith (), Taylor (), and Tu ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yes, species present; no, species absent in the Tu () study. Examination of some of the voucher specimens from the Tu () study revealed some misidentifications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sea Snake Harvest in the Gulf of Thailand

Cao

Tao

Moore

et al. 2014

Conservation Biology

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“…Lapemis curtus (Shaw): (Smith, 1926;Bourret, 1934Bourret, , 1936Shuntov, 1962;Pickwell, 1972;Tu, 1974;Harding & Welch, 1980;Tran & Nguyên, 1980;Kharin, 1984b;Golay et al, 1993;Tran & Nguyên, 1995;Nguyên & Hó, 1996;Dotsenko, 1999;Nguyên et al, 2005;Kharin, 2006;Rasmussen et al, 2007;Nguyên et al, 2009).…”

Section: Lapemis Graymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea snakes (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) in Vietnam: a comprehensive checklist and an updated identification key

Rasmussen

Elmberg

Gravlund

et al. 2011

Zootaxa

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Sea snakes (Elapidae, subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) reach a very high species richness in Southeast Asia, but most countries in the region still lack comprehensive and up-to-date identification tools for these snakes. We present an updated checklist of sea snakes in Vietnam. We also provide diagnostic characters for all species and a new complete identification key, chiefly based on easy-to-use external characters. The checklist and key cover the 25 species documented from Vietnam, as well as three likely future additions to its sea snake fauna. By surveying incoming fishing vessels between Nha Trang and the mouth of Mekong River in 2000–2001, we were able to document two species new for Vietnamese waters: Hydrophis belcheri and H. pachycercos. Through these surveys we also secured four specimens of the rare endemic species H. parviceps, formerly known only from two specimens. A comprehensive bibliography of the literature treating sea snakes in Vietnamese waters is provided.Identification key: bibliography, biodiversity, diagnostic characters, Vietnamese waters

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Fisheries induced shift in sea snake community assemblages along the Konkan coast, India

Rao¹,

Dsouza²,

Gupta³

et al. 2021

Aquatic Conservation

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The impacts of fisheries on several charismatic marine fauna have been a subject of global concern. Sea snakes share the same habitats as many commercially important fish species and often end up as fisheries bycatch. Previous studies of bycatch from India have been limited to individual reports of mortality, with little information on the regional community structure of sea snakes. This study was carried out along the Konkan coast, off the central west coast of India, between 2016 and 2018, to determine trends in the bycatch of sea snakes in coastal fisheries. In this study, 922 sea snakes were encountered in 916.57 gillnet haul hours and 449.16 trawlers haul hours of fishing, comprising largely of two species: beaked sea snake (Hydrophis schistosus) and spine‐bellied sea snake (Hydrophis curtus) (83.05 and 16.94% respectively) which was in stark contrast to a similar study conducted in 2002–03, which recorded a dominance of H. curtus (84%) followed by H. schistosus (14%) in the same region. Both studies, however, indicated higher mortality in H. curtus than in H. schistosus in trawl nets. This study highlights the significant impact of non‐selective fishing practices on regional assemblages of other marine organisms such as sea snakes from South Asia, which has been relatively understudied, and the potential consequences for local ecosystems.

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Sea Snake Investigation in the Gulf of Thailand

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Sea Snake Harvest in the Gulf of Thailand

Sea Snake Harvest in the Gulf of Thailand

Sea snakes (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) in Vietnam: a comprehensive checklist and an updated identification key

Fisheries induced shift in sea snake community assemblages along the Konkan coast, India

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