Sea spray aerosol in central Antarctica. Present atmospheric behaviour and implications for paleoclimatic reconstructions

Udisti, Roberto; Dayan, Uri; Becagli, Silvia; Busetto, Maurizio; Frosini, Daniele; Legrand, Michel; Lucarelli, F.; Preunkert, Susanne; Vitale, Vito

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.018

Cited by 103 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This low winter and high summer seasonal difference has also been observed at coastal Antarctic sites, but the average concentrations were typically higher, with summertime concentrations ranging from 300 to 2000 cm −3 and wintertime concentrations from 10 to 200 cm −3 (Kim et al, 2017;Gras, 1993). Consistent with this seasonal difference in particle number concentrations, most summertime non-sea salt sulfate mass concentrations were at least 5 times higher than winter concentrations (Jourdain and Legrand, 2002;Weller and Wagenbach, 2007;Udisti et al, 2012;Legrand et al, 2017a;Asmi et al, 2018), likely because of the contributions from biogenic DMS emissions from the surrounding Southern Ocean. However, most sea salt aerosols had wintertime maximum concentrations with more than 2 times more Na + mass concentrations in winter than summer (Parungo et al, 1981;Wagenbach et al, 1998;Jourdain and Legrand, 2002;Weller and Wagenbach, 2007;Jourdain et al, 2008;Udisti et al, 2012;Legrand et al, 2017a, b;Asmi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The few year-round aerosol concentration and composition measurements in Antarctica were collected at several sites in coastal Antarctica (all of which are more than 1500 km from McMurdo Station) (Hara et al, 2005;Wagenbach et al, 1998;Jourdain and Legrand, 2002;Gras, 1993;Hara et al, 2004Hara et al, , 2010Weller et al, 2013;Minikin et al, 1998;Read et al, 2008) and at several sites on the Antarctic Peninsula (more than 3000 km from McMurdo Station) (Asmi et al, 2018;Mishra et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2017;Saxena and Ruggiero, 1990;Savoie et al, 1993;Loureiro et al, 1992), as well as at the South Pole (more than 1000 km from McMurdo Station) (Hansen et al, 1988;Bodhaine et al, 1986;Harder et al, 2000;Parungo et al, 1981;Bodhaine, 1983;Hogan and Barnard, 1978) and at Dome C (more than 1000 km from McMurdo Station) (Legrand et al, 2017a, b;Udisti et al, 2012). At the South Pole, aerosol particle number concentration ranged from 10 to 30 cm −3 in winter and 100 to 300 cm −3 in summer (Bodhaine, 1983;Parungo et al, 1981;Hogan and Barnard, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High summertime aerosol organic functional group concentrations from marine and seabird sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Observations of the organic components of the natural aerosol are scarce in Antarctica, which limits our understanding of natural aerosols and their connection to seasonal and spatial patterns of cloud albedo in the region. From November 2015 to December 2016, the ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) measured submicron aerosol properties near McMurdo Station at the southern tip of Ross Island. Submicron organic mass (OM), particle number, and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations were higher in summer than other seasons. The measurements included a range of compositions and concentrations that likely reflected both local anthropogenic emissions and natural background sources. We isolated the natural organic components by separating a natural factor and a local combustion factor. The natural OM was 150 times higher in summer than in winter. The local anthropogenic emissions were not hygroscopic and had little contribution to the CCN concentrations. Natural sources that included marine sea spray and seabird emissions contributed 56 % OM in summer but only 3 % in winter. The natural OM had high hydroxyl group fraction (55 %), 6 % alkane, and 6 % amine group mass, consistent with marine organic composition. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the natural sources of organic aerosol were characterized by amide group absorption, which may be from seabird populations. Carboxylic acid group contributions were high in summer and associated with natural sources, likely forming by secondary reactions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High summertime aerosol organic functional group concentrations from marine and seabird sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE

et al. 2018

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“…6). This is mainly because once the seawater droplets from bubble bursting are in the air, they evaporate leading to concentrated saline droplets or minute crystals of airborne sea salt with a larger radius around 4 μm and containing 4-50 pg of salt (Udisti et al, 2012). The good correlation between Na + , Mg 2+ , K + , F -and Cl -suggest the same source (sea spray) for these ions (Table 3).…”

Section: Chemical Characteristics Of Coarse and Fine Mode Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 80%

Latitudinal and Size Segregated Compositional Variability of Aerosols over the Indian and Southern Ocean during 2010 Austral Summer

Thakur

Thamban

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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To characterize the spatial variations in size segregated aerosols, samples were collected over the Indian and Southern oceans (7°N to 68°S) during the Indian expedition to Southern Ocean (January-February 2010). The chemical and mass concentrations of ions were measured in nine size classes (0.4-> 10 µm) of aerosols through ion-exchange chromatographic system and gravimetric estimates, respectively. Mass concentrations of coarse aerosols increase towards the Antarctic coast which is well correlated with the increasing humidity suggesting growth of particles. The study area was found to be predominately impacted by sea salt aerosols with a sea salt load of 91%. F -, Cl -and NO 3 -reflected anthropogenic impact within the fine mode aerosols but the marine influence dominated the coarse mode. Methanesulphonic (MSA) was predominantly of biogenic origin but a substantially low MSA/nssSO 4 2-ratio suggested that DMS contribution to the total nssSO 4 2-concentration was low. NH 4 + concentrations showed a shift from fine to coarse particles, with a trimodal distribution over the Southern Ocean. Our study reports a significant Cl -depletion in the aerosols and the degree of Cl -deficit was size-dependent, increasing with decreasing particle sizes. The neutralization ratios suggested differential behavior of ions with respect to the prevailing meteorological conditions. The coarse mode aerosols were neutralized by ammonia leading to the formation of NH 4 NO 3 particles. The fine modes were predominately composed of NH 4 HSO 4 and its formation is favored by the high humidity and foggy conditions over the study area. Factor analysis support that the Southern Indian Ocean (10°S to 59°S) had the highest loading of anthropogenic and sea salt aerosols, which lead to the formation of secondary aerosols through gas to particle transformations. The rocky Antarctic coastline, act as a source of coarse crustal aerosols over the Southern Ocean (60°S to 65°S).

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“…Sea spray derived salt aerosol has been demonstrated to be geochemically important over geologic timeframes. For example, high salt concentrations in Australian regolith were attributed to atmospheric deposition of marine aerosol (Chivas et al, 1991), while sea salt is similarly a significant source of aerosols to central Antarctica (Udisti et al, 2012;Wolff et al, 2010). Concentrations of these elements remained relatively high even on rain days (when they were most enriched by comparison to crustal elements) implying that sea spray accumulates in the atmosphere even when atmosphere is otherwise clean.…”

Section: Aerosol Concentrations At Temple Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace elements and metal pollution in aerosols at an alpine site, New Zealand: Sources, concentrations and implications

Marx

Lavin

Hageman

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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Atmospheric aerosol samples were collected at a remote site in New Zealand's Southern Alps. Collected samples were found to be a mixture of New Zealand and Australian sourced sediment, using their trace element signatures. Aerosol concentrations and the relative contribution of different sources was found to be a function of specific air-mass trajectories influencing the study site, dust entrainment rates in source areas and rainfall. Results show that Australian dust is a major source of particulate matter in New Zealand, particularly in remote alpine locations; however, locally derived dust is also important. Metal pollutants, including Pb, Cu and Sn, were enriched in the samples by approximately 15 times and up to >100 times expected natural concentrations, confirming that metal pollution is a ubiquitous component of the atmosphere, even in relatively remote locations. Moreover, pollutants were highly enriched in otherwise clean air, i.e. during and following rainfall. Additionally, high concentrations of elements naturally enriched in sea water, e.g. Sr, Ba and Rb, were deposited alongside mineral dust, reflecting the oceanic origin of air influencing the site and the role of sea spray in contributing aerosol to the atmosphere. These elements experienced the greatest enrichment during rainfall, implying sea spray and pollution become relatively important during otherwise clean air conditions. AbstractAtmospheric aerosol samples were collected at a remote site in New Zealand's Southern Alps. Collected samples were found to be a mixture of New Zealand and Australian sourced sediment, using their trace element signatures. Aerosol concentrations and the relative contribution of different sources was found to be a function of specific air-mass trajectories influencing the study site, dust entrainment rates in source areas and rainfall.Results show that Australian dust is a major source of particulate matter in New Zealand, particularly in remote alpine locations; however, locally derived dust is also important. Metal pollutants, including Pb, Cu and Sn, were enriched in the samples by approximately 15 times and up to >100 times expected natural concentrations, confirming that metal pollution is a ubiquitous component of the atmosphere, even in relatively remote locations. Moreover, pollutants were highly enriched in otherwise clean air, i.e. during and following rainfall.Additionally, high concentrations of elements naturally enriched in sea water, e.g. Sr, Ba and Rb, were deposited alongside mineral dust, reflecting the oceanic origin of air influencing the site and the role of sea spray in contributing aerosol to the atmosphere. These elements experienced the greatest enrichment during rainfall, implying sea spray and pollution become relatively important during otherwise clean air conditions.2

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Sea spray aerosol in central Antarctica. Present atmospheric behaviour and implications for paleoclimatic reconstructions

Cited by 103 publications

References 33 publications

High summertime aerosol organic functional group concentrations from marine and seabird sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE

High summertime aerosol organic functional group concentrations from marine and seabird sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE

Latitudinal and Size Segregated Compositional Variability of Aerosols over the Indian and Southern Ocean during 2010 Austral Summer

Trace elements and metal pollution in aerosols at an alpine site, New Zealand: Sources, concentrations and implications

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