Sea Surface Heights Retrieval from Ship-Based Measurements Assisted by GNSS Signal Reflections

Roggenbuck, Ole; Reinking, Jörg

doi:10.1080/01490419.2018.1543220

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The main impact parameters are the shape of the ship's hull, the under keel clearance (UKC), and the speed at which the ship is moving relative to the water (speed through water (STW)). Speed-and depth-dependent empirical squat models might be applied if available or a method based on GNSS reflectometry can be used [16]. The ship's attitude dh att and heave have an impact on the reflector height and must be taken into account.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Significant Wave Heights Using Damping Coefficients of Attenuated GNSS SNR Data from Static and Kinematic Observations

2019

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Currently, GNSS reflectometry based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has become an established tool in ocean remote sensing. Here, the distance between an antenna and the water surface is measured by analyzing the oscillation of the SNR observation. Due to the antenna gain pattern, this oscillation is more pronounced for satellite signals coming from low elevation angles. Additionally, the sea surface roughness is related to the attenuation of the SNR oscillation. Hence, the significant wave height (SWH) can be estimated by analyzing the SNR signal. In this work, a method is presented with which the SWH can be calculated from the attenuation’s damping coefficient of the SNR observations measured with surface-based receivers. The method’s usability is demonstrated using data from a static antenna operated in the German Bight and with data from a ship-based antenna. The estimated SWH values were validated against numerical wave model data. For both experiments, a high correlation was found.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Significant Wave Heights Using Damping Coefficients of Attenuated GNSS SNR Data from Static and Kinematic Observations

2019

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“…Since specular points can lie in a distance of several hundreds of meters away from the position of the antenna, the term dh sphere,t corrects for the surface curvature in a spherical approximation. The complementary angle of the incidence angle ε defers from the elevation angle of the satellite due to the curvature of the reflecting surface and can be calculated according to [6,15]. The tropospheric refraction can be considered by a correction of ε derived from an astronomic refraction model [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Analysis Of Snr Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1993, Martin-Neira [1] first proposed the use of GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) in ocean altimetry. Since then, many applications of GNSS-R have been developed, from satellite-based sea surface height (SSH) measurements [2], to land-based observation of soil moisture [3], snow depth [4], and SSH from fixed stations [5] or moving ships [6]. In particular, the interference pattern technique (IPT) has become popular since it uses off-the-shelf equipment, zenith-looking antennas, and standard GNSS observables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Wave Direction Using Terrestrial GNSS Reflectometry

2019

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The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data are part of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observables. In a marine environment, the oscillation of the SNR data can be used to derive reflector heights. Since the attenuation of the SNR oscillation is related to the roughness of the sea surface, the significant wave height (SWH) of the water surface can be calculated from the analysis of the attenuation. The attenuation depends additionally on the relation between the coherent and the incoherent part of the scattered power. The latter is a function of the correlation length of the surface waves. Since the correlation length changes with respect to the direction of the line of sight relative to the wave direction, the attenuation must show an anisotropic characteristic. In this work, we present a method to derive the wave direction from the anisotropy of the attenuation of the SNR data. The method is investigated based on simulated data, as well by the analysis of experimental data from a GNSS station in the North Sea.

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“…With hAPC as the height of the antenna phase centre (APC) in a certain height datum and htide,t as time-variable water surface height in the same height datum, href,t can be described as Since specular points can lie in a distance of several hundreds of meters away from the position of the antenna, the term dhsphere,t corrects for the surface curvature in a spherical approximation. The complementary angle of the incidence angle ε defers from the elevation angle of the satellite due to the curvature of the reflecting surface and can be calculated according to [15] and [6]. The tropospheric refraction can be considered by a correction of ε derived from an astronomic refraction model [16].…”

Section: Analysis Of Snr Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1993, Martin-Neira [1] first proposed to use GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) in ocean altimetry. Since then, many applications of GNSS-R were developed, reaching from satellite-based sea surface height (SSH) measurements [2], to land-based observation of soil moisture [3] or snow depth [4] and SSH from fixed stations [5] or moving ships [6]. In particular, the interference pattern technique (IPT) has become popular since it uses of-the-shelf equipment, zenith-looking antennas and standard GNSS observables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Wave Direction by Using Terrestrial GNSS Reflectometry

Reinking¹,

Roggenbuck²,

Even-Tzur³

2019

Preprint

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The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data is part of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observables. In a marine environment, the oscillation of the SNR data can be used to derive reflector heights. Since the attenuation of the SNR oscillation is related to the roughness of the sea surface, the significant wave height (SWH) of the water surface can be calculated from the analysis of the attenuation. The attenuation depends additionally on the relation between the coherent and the incoherent part of the scattered power. The latter is a function of the correlation length of the surface waves. Because the correlation length changes with respect to the direction of the line of sight relative to the wave direction, the attenuation must show an anisotropic characteristic. In this work, we present a method to derive the wave direction from the anisotropy of the attenuation of the SNR data. The method is investigated based on simulated data as well by the analysis of experimental data from a GNSS station in the North Sea.

show abstract

Sea Surface Heights Retrieval from Ship-Based Measurements Assisted by GNSS Signal Reflections

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Determination of Significant Wave Heights Using Damping Coefficients of Attenuated GNSS SNR Data from Static and Kinematic Observations

Determination of Significant Wave Heights Using Damping Coefficients of Attenuated GNSS SNR Data from Static and Kinematic Observations

Estimating Wave Direction Using Terrestrial GNSS Reflectometry

Estimating Wave Direction by Using Terrestrial GNSS Reflectometry

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