Sea‐to‐air transfer of surface‐active organic compounds by bursting bubbles

Tseng, Ruo‐Shan; Viechnicki, John; Skop, Richard A.; Brown, John W.

doi:10.1029/91jc00954

Cited by 89 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Given the controlled air flow rate and bubble sizes in our bubbling experiment, the laboratory number flux can be estimated to be about 2 orders of magnitude higher. Previous studies (Hoffman and Duce, 1976;Keene et al, 2007;Tseng et al, 1992) have demonstrated by similar laboratory bubble production experiments (via air flow) that the sea-to-air flux is proportional to the rate at which the organics are transferred to the surface by rising bubbles. Their results also showed that the sea-to-air flux of organics increases with the increasing path length of rising bubbles and with decreasing bubble size.…”

Section: Bubble Adsorption Of Polysaccharides and Their Transformatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The surface microlayer (SML) represents a unique system of which the physicochemical characteristics may differ from those of the underlying subsurface seawater (SSW). Within the Arctic pack ice area, the SML has been characterized as enriched in small colloids of biological origin, resulting from extracellular polymeric secretions (EPS). During the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) in August 2008, particulate organic matter (POM, with size range > 0.22 µm) and dissolved organic matter (DOM, <0.22 µm, obtained after filtration) samples were collected and chemically characterized from the SML and the corresponding SSW at an open lead centered at 87.5 • N and 5 • E. Total organic carbon was persistently enriched in the SML with a mean enrichment factor (EF) of 1.45 ± 0.41, whereas sporadic depletions of dissolved carbohydrates and amino acids were observed. Monosaccharide compositional analysis reveals that EPS in the Arctic lead was formed mainly of distinctive heteropolysaccharides, enriched in xylose, fucose and glucose. The mean concentrations of total hydrolysable neutral sugars in SSW were 94.9±37.5 nM in high molecular weight (HMW) DOM (> 5 kDa) and 64.4±14.5 nM in POM. The enrichment of polysaccharides in the SML appeared to be a common feature, with EFs ranging from 1.7 to 7.0 for particulate polysaccharides and 3.5 to 12.1 for polysaccharides in the HMW DOM fraction. A calculated monosaccharide yield suggests that polymers in the HMW DOM fraction were scavenged, without substantial degradation, into the SML. Bubble scavenging experiments showed that newly aggregated particles could be formed abiotically by coagulation of low molecular weight nanometer-sized gels. Aerosol particles, artificially generated by bubbling experiments, were enriched in polysaccharides by factors of 22-70, relative to the source seawater. We propose that bubble scavenging of surface-active polysaccharides could be one of the possible mechanisms for the enrichment of polysaccharides in the high Arctic open lead SML.

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Section: Bubble Adsorption Of Polysaccharides and Their Transformatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer

et al. 2012

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“…The sea-water-to air transfer of surface active organic compounds has been shown to be related to the scavenging of organic matter by the rising bubbles, which is dependent on the bubble spectrum and the chemical properties of the material absorbed by the bubbles (Tseng et al, 1992). It has been hypothesized that marine surfactant scavenging by rising bubbles depends on the bubble path and that providing path lengths of the order of 1 m in laboratory systems implies replicating the oceanic bubbles lifetimes (Keene et al, 2007).…”

Section: Considerations On the Bubble Path Length And Lifetime In Bubmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the bubbles reach the water surface, the organics concentrated on their surface are ejected into the atmosphere along with dissolved inorganic constituents of seawater. Thereby, the seawater composition, bubble spectrum, bubble hydrodynamics and the formation and chemical composition of the aerosol are closely interrelated and interdependent (Duce and Hoffman, 1976;Tseng et al, 1992). Chemical analysis of sea spray particles collected in field experiments has provided evidence for the presence of significant concentrations of biogenic organic matter in the submicron size range (Hoffman and Duce, 1977;Novakov et al, 1997;Middlebrook et al, 1998;Putaud et al, 2000;Cavalli et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory-generated primary marine aerosol via bubble-bursting and atomization

et al. 2010

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Abstract.A range of bubble and sea spray aerosol generators has been tested in the laboratory and compared with oceanic measurements from the literature. We have shown that the method of generation has a significant influence on the properties of the aerosol particles produced. Hence, the validity of a generation system to mimic atmospheric aerosol is dependent on its capacity for generating bubbles and particles in a realistic manner. A bubble-bursting aerosol generator which produces bubbles by water impingement was shown to best reproduce the oceanic bubble spectral shapes, which confirms previous findings.Two porous bubblers and a plunging-water jet system were tested as bubble-bursting aerosol generators for comparison with a standard nebulizer. The methods for aerosol production were evaluated by analysing the bubble spectrum generated by the bubble-bursting systems and the submicron size distribution, hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nucleus activity of the aerosols generated by the different techniques. Significant differences in the bubble spectrum and aerosol properties were observed when using different aerosol generators.The aerosols generated by the different methods exhibited similar hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nucleus activity behaviour when a sample of purely inorganic salts was used as a parent seawater solution; however, significant differences in the aerosol properties were found when using samples of filtered natural seawater enriched with biogenic organics. The presence of organics in the aerosol caused suppression of the growth factor at humidities above 75% RH and an increase in the critical supersaturation with respect Correspondence to: G. McFiggans (g.mcfiggans@manchester.ac.uk) to the generation from artificial seawater devoid of organics. The extent of the effect of organics on the aerosol properties varied depending on the method of particle production. The results of this work indicate that the aerosol generation mechanism affects the particles organic enrichment, thus the behaviour of the produced aerosols strongly depends on the laboratory aerosol generator employed.Comparison between bubble lifetimes in several laboratory simulations and the oceanic conditions indicated that it would require a considerable extension of the dimensions of the currently used bubble-bursting laboratory systems in order to replicate the characteristic oceanic bubble lifetimes. We analyzed the implications derived from the reduced bubble residence times in scaled systems, regarding marine surfactants adsorption on rising bubbles, and found that adsorption equilibrium is reached on a timescale much shorter than the bubble lifetime in small-scale laboratory generators. This implies that adsorption of marine surface-active material is not limited by surfactant transport to the bubble surface.

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“…Selective enrichment of specific surfactant materials -in the sea-surface microlayer and in atmospheric aerosolshas been well described (Barger and Garret, 1970;Mukerjee and Handa, 1981;Blanchard, 1990;Tseng et al, 1992;Oppo et al, 1999;Ekström et al, 2010). This enrichment of surfactants is even more increased at the sea surface during rough sea conditions, when wave breaking action causes air bubbles to be trapped beneath the water surface (O'Dowd and de Leeuw, 2007).…”

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confidence: 97%

Dissolved organic matter in sea spray: a transfer study from marine surface water to aerosols

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols impose direct and indirect effects on the climate system, for example, by absorption of radiation in relation to cloud droplets size, on chemical and organic composition and cloud dynamics. The first step in the formation of Organic primary aerosols, i.e. the transfer of dissolved organic matter from the marine surface into the atmosphere, was studied. We present a molecular level description of this phenomenon using the high resolution analytical tools of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Our experiments confirm the chemoselective transfer of natural organic molecules, especially of aliphatic compounds from the surface water into the atmosphere via bubble bursting processes. Transfer from marine surface water to the atmosphere involves a chemical gradient governed by the physicochemical properties of the involved molecules when comparing elemental compositions and differentiating CHO, CHNO, CHOS and CHNOS bearing compounds. Typical chemical fingerprints of compounds enriched in the aerosol phase were CHO and CHOS molecular series, smaller molecules of higher aliphaticity and lower oxygen content, and typical surfactants. A nontargeted metabolomics analysis demonstrated that many of these molecules corresponded to homologous series of oxo-, hydroxy-, methoxy-, branched fatty acids and mono-, diand tricarboxylic acids as well as monoterpenes and sugars. These surface active biomolecules were preferentially transferred from surface water into the atmosphere via bubble bursting processes to form a significant fraction of primary organic aerosols. This way of sea spray production leaves a selective biological signature of the surface water in the corresponding aerosol that may be transported into higher altitudes up to the lower atmosphere, thus contributing to the formation of secondary organic aerosol on a global scale or transported laterally with possible deposition in the context of global biogeocycling.

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Sea‐to‐air transfer of surface‐active organic compounds by bursting bubbles

Cited by 89 publications

References 11 publications

On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer

On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer

Laboratory-generated primary marine aerosol via bubble-bursting and atomization

Dissolved organic matter in sea spray: a transfer study from marine surface water to aerosols

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