Sea Urchin Ecology and Biology

Harris, Larry G.; Eddy, Stephen

doi:10.1002/9781119005810.ch1

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…The findings herein demonstrated will be useful for the culture of the most common Mediterranean sea urchin, both for research purposes and for the needs of aquaculture. In fact, despite several established methods of commercially producing echinoderms from gametes [ 62 , 63 ], a scalable hatchery process for P. lividus has not yet been established. Attempts to culture this species over the last decades have been met with varying degrees of success, and speculative factors including environmental toxins, water quality and general culture methods precluded reliable development through metamorphosis [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Detects the Factors Influencing the Reproductive Success and the Survival Rates of Paracentrotus lividus Offspring

Federico

Glaviano

Esposito

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The increase in the demand for Paracentrotus lividus roe, a food delicacy, causes increased pressure on its wild stocks. In this scenario, aquaculture facilities will mitigate the effects of anthropogenic pressures on the wild stocks of P. lividus. Consequently, experimental studies should be conducted to enhance techniques to improve efficient aquaculture practices for these animals. Here, we for the first time performed molecular investigations on cultured sea urchins. We aimed at understanding if maternal influences may significantly impact the life of future offspring, and how the culture conditions may impact the development and growth of cultured specimens. Our findings demonstrate that the outcomes of in vitro fertilization of P. lividus are influenced by maternal influences, but these effects are largely determined by culture conditions. In fact, twenty-three genes involved in the response to stress and skeletogenesis, whose expressions were measured by Real Time qPCR, were differently expressed in sea urchins cultured in two experimental conditions, and the results were largely modified in offspring deriving from two groups of females. The findings herein reported will be critical to develop protocols for the larval culture of the most common sea urchin, both for research and industrial production purposes for mass production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Detects the Factors Influencing the Reproductive Success and the Survival Rates of Paracentrotus lividus Offspring

Federico

Glaviano

Esposito

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Although somatic growth did not differ significantly between treatments in this study, this is most likely due to the use of large adult urchins which are already reproductively mature (75 mm mean test diameter). It is hypothesized that this resulted in reduced somatic growth of the test due to resource allocation shifting to gonad development and gamete production (Harris & Eddy, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of fresh seaweed and a formulated diet supplemented with seaweed on the growth and gonad quality of the collector sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla , under farm conditions

et al. 2020

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This gonad enhancement study investigates the effect of different fresh and formulated feeds and feeding regimes on the growth and gonad quality of wild‐collected adult sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla, under farm conditions for over 18 weeks. In the first 12 weeks (phase 1), urchins were fed fresh Ulva rigida (U); a 50:50 mixture of fresh U. rigida and Gracilaria gracilis (UG); fresh G. gracilis (G) and a formulated diet 20U (containing 20% U. rigida), and in the final 6 weeks (phase 2) of the study, diet was changed to a formulated feed (20U diet). By the end of phase 1, urchins fed the 20U diet produced gonads (50.72 ± 5.4 g) that were significantly heavier (p < .001) than the gonads of urchins fed the fresh seaweed diets (U, UG & G). By the end of phase 2, gonad weight of urchins in treatment groups UG‐20U and G‐20U were similar to those fed the 20U‐20U diet. Gonad colour of urchins in the G‐20U treatment became significantly lighter (ANOVA, p = .029) and poorer quality, compared with urchins in the U‐20U group. This gonad enhancement study, conducted on wild‐collected adult T. gratilla, has shown that a formulated feed (20U diet) can enhance gonad growth and produce commercially acceptable gonads. This farm‐based study supports previous findings from aquarium‐based studies by our group and indicates that short‐term sea urchin gonad enhancement can be carried out under farm conditions in South Africa.

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“…In S. droebachiensis , the duration of larval stages depends on temperature. According to published data, development from fertilized egg to the first pluteus stage requires 1 month at 0°C and 12 days at 8°C (Stephens 1972); at 12°C, this process requires just 6 days (Harris & Eddy 2015). The duration from spawning to settlement for S. droebachiensis reared at 10°C in laboratory culture is approximately 21 days (Harris et al 2003).…”

Section: In Vitro Fertilization Of Green Sea Urchin Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquaculture of green sea urchin in the Barents Sea: a brief review of Russian studies

Dvoretsky

2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Gonads of the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) containing valuable carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids and sulphated fucans are in great demand from the expanding market. In Russian waters of the Barents Sea, only a few sites are suitable for commercial harvesting and thus the development of green sea urchin farming in this region. Our review presents a short survey of Russian literature on biological aspects and rearing methods of green sea urchins in the Barents Sea. In the 1980s, spawning induction and larval culture experiments were undertaken to obtain larvae of S. droebachiensis. Later studies were undertaken to test optimal rations and conditions for gonad enhancement of adult sea urchins in sea cages and closed systems. Gonadal growth was higher and faster in sea urchins reared under controlled conditions in closed water circulation tanks compared with sea cages. Regular feeding of cultured animals provided them better gonadal growth than in wild sea urchins irrespective of food items. Algal diets showed a lower level of gonad yield compared with mixed diets (algae + squid, algae + fish), fish diets and prepared diets (artificial feed based on fish skin). The coast of the Kola Peninsula has a good potential for the development of the green sea urchin farming but several financial, socio‐economic, logistic and management problems must be solved before this process starts.

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Sea Urchin Ecology and Biology

Cited by 13 publications

References 137 publications

Gene Expression Detects the Factors Influencing the Reproductive Success and the Survival Rates of Paracentrotus lividus Offspring

Gene Expression Detects the Factors Influencing the Reproductive Success and the Survival Rates of Paracentrotus lividus Offspring

The effect of fresh seaweed and a formulated diet supplemented with seaweed on the growth and gonad quality of the collector sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla , under farm conditions

Aquaculture of green sea urchin in the Barents Sea: a brief review of Russian studies

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