Sea urchin fertilization in a warm, acidified and high pCO2 ocean across a range of sperm densities

Byrne, Maria; Soars, Natalie A.; Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina; Dworjanyn, Symon A.; Davis, Andrew R.

doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.10.014

Cited by 114 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Across a broad range of broadcast spawners with planktotrophic larvae dependent on an exogenous food supply, it is thought that fertilisation compared to larval development is relatively robust to ocean acidification and decreased pH at levels predicted for the year 2100 ( [14]; echinoderms [34,47,48]; molluscs [49]; copepod Acartia tsuensis, [50]; fish Baltic cod, Gadhus morhua, [51]), but may be negatively impacted at pH levels predicted for 2300 ( [1,52,53] [47,54,55] (Table S2).…”

Section: Fertilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Ocean Acidification on Reproduction, Early Development and Settlement of Marine Organisms

Ross

Parker

O’Connor³

et al. 2011

Water

151

117

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Predicting the impact of warming and acidifying on oceans on the early development life history stages of invertebrates although difficult, is essential in order to anticipate the severity and consequences of future climate change. This review summarises the current literature and meta-analyses on the early life-history stages of invertebrates including fertilisation, larval development and the implications for dispersal and settlement of populations. Although fertilisation appears robust to near future predictions of ocean acidification, larval development is much more vulnerable and across invertebrate groups, evidence indicates that the impacts may be severe. This is especially for those many marine organisms which start to calcify in their larval and/or juvenile stages. Species-specificity and variability in responses and current gaps in the literature are highlighted, including the need for studies to investigate the total effects of climate change including the synergistic impact of temperature, and the need for long-term multigenerational experiments to determine whether vulnerable invertebrate species have the capacity to adapt to elevations in atmospheric CO 2 over the next century.

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Section: Fertilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Ocean Acidification on Reproduction, Early Development and Settlement of Marine Organisms

Ross

Parker

O’Connor³

et al. 2011

Water

151

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Marine larvae have been shown to ingest microplastics in the laboratory 14 . Larvae are highly sensitive to environmental stressors 20 , and ingestion of microplastics could compromise survival or have flow-on effects on post-settlement survival and fitness 21 . The structures of marine communities depend on planktonic larvae to recruit into adult populations 22,23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion of Microplastic Has Limited Impact on a Marine Larva

Kaposi

Mos

Kelaher

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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352

150

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ABSTRACT:There is increasing concern about the impacts of microplastics (< 1mm) on marine biota. Microplastics may be mistaken for food items and ingested by a wide variety of organisms. While the effects of ingesting microplastic have been explored for some adult organisms, there is poor understanding of the effects of microplastic ingestion on marine larvae. Here, we investigated the ingestion of polyethylene microspheres by larvae of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. Ingestion rates scaled with the concentration of microspheres.Ingestion rates were, however, reduced by biological fouling of microplastic and in the presence of phytoplankton food. T. gratilla larvae were able to egest microspheres from their stomach within hours of ingestion. A microsphere concentration far exceeding those recorded in the marine environment had a small non-dose dependent effect on larval growth, but there was no significant effect on survival. In contrast, environmentally realistic concentrations appeared to have little effect. Overall, these results suggest that current levels of microplastic pollution in the oceans only pose a limited threat to T. gratilla and other marine invertebrate larvae, but further research is required on a broad range of species, trophic levels and polymer types.

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“…None of the studies that have been performed in the frame of OA using fertilization tests Byrne et al 2009Byrne et al , 2010Martin et al 2011;Reuter et al 2011) mentioned similar cellular alterations as shown in our study, thus making comparisons not feasible. To discard a possible speciesspecific response, we repeated the same fertilization procedures with a second sea urchin species (P. miliaris) obtaining similar effects (data not shown).…”

Section: Oa Effects On Fertilization Successmentioning

confidence: 57%

CO2-induced fertilization impairment in Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis collected in the Arctic

2014

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Fertilization depends on distribution and aggregation patterns of sea urchins which influence gamete contact time and may potentially enhance their vulnerability to ocean acidification. In this study, we conducted fertilization experiments to assess the effects of selected pH scenarios on fertilization success of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, from Spitsbergen, Arctic. Acidification was achieved by aerating seawater with different CO 2 partial pressures to represent preindustrial and present conditions (measured *180-425 latm) and future acidification scenarios (*550-800, *1,300, *2,000 latm). Fertilization success was defined as the proportion of successful/unsuccessful fertilizations per treatment; eggs were classified according to features of their fertilization envelope (FE), hyaline layer (HL) and achievement of cellular division. The diagnostic findings of specific pathological aberrations were described in detail. We additionally measured intracellular pH changes in unfertilized eggs exposed for 1 h to selected acidification treatments using BCECF/AM. We conclude that (a) acidified conditions increase the proportion of eggs that failed fertilization, (b) acidification may increase the risk of polyspermy due to failures in the FE formation supported by the occasional observation of multiple sperms in the perivitelline space and (c) irregular formation of the embryo may arise due to impaired formation of the HL. The decrease in fertilization success could be also related to the observed changes in intracellular pH at pCO 2 * 1,000 latm or higher.

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Sea urchin fertilization in a warm, acidified and high pCO2 ocean across a range of sperm densities

Cited by 114 publications

References 58 publications

The Impact of Ocean Acidification on Reproduction, Early Development and Settlement of Marine Organisms

The Impact of Ocean Acidification on Reproduction, Early Development and Settlement of Marine Organisms

Ingestion of Microplastic Has Limited Impact on a Marine Larva

CO2-induced fertilization impairment in Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis collected in the Arctic

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