Sea urchin spines as a model-system for permeable, light-weight ceramics with graceful failure behavior. Part I. Mechanical behavior of sea urchin spines under compression

Presser, Volker; Schultheiss, Sigrid; Berthold, Christoph; Nickel, Klaus G.

doi:10.1016/s1672-6529(08)60125-0

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The growth rings likely result from former exoskeleton surfaces. Adapted from [163]. thought to be a single crystal [166,167], it has recently been shown that the structure consists of periodic and uniform nanocrystals, 30-50 nm in diameter, with parallel crystallographic alignment (Fig.…”

Section: Sea Urchin Spinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…thought to be a single crystal [166,167], it has recently been shown that the structure consists of periodic and uniform nanocrystals, 30-50 nm in diameter, with parallel crystallographic alignment (Fig. 22a-b) [68,[163][164][165]. These nanocrystals are held together with layers of amino acids (mainly aspartic and glutamic acid) with a thickness of several hundred nanometers [165][166][167].…”

Section: Sea Urchin Spinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 23 shows a sketch of the cross-section, an X-ray computer tomography micrograph along the length of a H. mammillatus spine and compressive force-displacement data [163]. The compressive force-displacement curve displays a graceful failure instead of the catastrophic failure typified by monolithic ceramics.…”

Section: Sea Urchin Spinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Naleway

Taylor

Porter

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Section: Sea Urchin Spinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sea Urchin Spinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Naleway

Taylor

Porter

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…Also, as discussed in a previous study, the arrangement of pores in PI and HM spines is slightly different with so called fenestral pores for PI (i.e., higher degree of order) and labyrinthic pores for HM (i.e., more disordered pores). [20] Typical pore size diameters range between 10 and 30 mm.…”

Section: Microstructure and Pore Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We reported in previous papers the mechanical properties of spines from lance and pencil sea urchins [20] and adapted the constructional concept to biomimetic ceramics via starchblended slip-casting. [21] In this paper, we discuss the potential of sea urchin spine inspired biomimetic ceramics in the light of recent simulation work and new experimental data under cyclic compression and dynamic impact.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lessons from Nature for the Construction of Ceramic Cellular Materials for Superior Energy Absorption

et al. 2011

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Sea urchins (Echinoidea) are an evolutionary highly successfully and diverse class of animals populating earth's oceans for more than 450 millions of years. [1] Depending on the environmental challenges, sea urchins have adapted in behavior, size, and shape of their test (i.e., shell) resulting in a large variety of spine types. [2] Ranging from disk-like sand dollars living on and underneath the seabed to reef-dwelling spherical melon sea urchins: all sea urchins employ nanocrystalline calcium carbonate as a basic building material [3,4] forming lightweight-constructed shells and spines. The sponge-like calcite network (stereom) of spines, indeed, can reach ultra-high porosity levels of up to 75 vol%. [5] While advanced foams can reach an equally high porosity, [6] most porous ceramic materials derived from conventional processing techniques (e.g., starch-blended casting) are characterized by a maximum characteristic porosity of % 68 vol%.Living in high tidal energy environments, pencil [Heterocentrotus mammillatus (HM)] and lance [Phyllacanthus imperialis (PI)] sea urchins have long ( 150 mm) and thick (Ø % 10-15 mm) blunt spines which are not only used as spacers for predators but also to wedge the animals into pits of the reef. For this habitat, evolution has optimized spines of these sea urchins for combined light-weight and graceful failure fracture behavior. The large pore volume is accessible to sea water and is partially filled with organic material to enable spine growth and repair. Also, it is important to note that the spines are not characterized by a simple, homogenous porosity throughout the entire spine: there are layers and gradients of various pore sizes, geometries, and porosity levels.The entire solid body of sea urchins, i.e., including spines and teeth, is composed out of magnesium calcite (Ca x Mg 1Àx )CO 3 [3,7,8] grown (and regenerated) by a complex process of biomineralization. [4] In particular, sea urchin teeth COMMUNICATION [*] Dr. Sea urchin spines combine extreme lightweight construction with impact resistance and improved mechanical strength although being made of presumably brittle calcium carbonate (calcite). Lance and pencil sea urchins (Phyllacanthus imperialis and Heterocentrotus mammillatus) are of particular interest as they exhibit large and mechanical very stable spines and the constructional concepts of these spines was translated into graded porous alumina ceramics derived from starch-blended slip casting. A high level of porosity (>30 vol%) is identified as the important element for graceful failure in polycrystalline alumina and graded porosity, i.e., layers of higher and lower density, can significantly improve the impact resistance of the material giving raise to what we refer to as cascading graceful failure: a mechanical response of porous materials with curved layers of graded porosity that maintains a high level of compressive strength even after the linear elastic threshold is surpassed and local structural collapse occurs. 1042 wileyonlinelibrary.com ß

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On the Relation of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate and the Macromechanical Properties of Sea Urchin Spines

et al. 2020

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Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) plays a crucial role in the formation of biogenic carbonates. It is widely accepted that ACC and organic macromolecules alter the fracture properties of Echinoderm calcite from the well-defined cleavage planes of the raw material to conchoidal. However, the influence of ACC on the outstanding macromechanical properties of Echinoderm calcite is unknown. To address this question, full-grown spines of the slate pencil urchin are shortly heated to 250 C. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that all ACC is crystallized at this temperature. Heated spines are compared with an untreated control group and no significant differences in compressive strength, bending strength, damage tolerance, and Young's modulus are detected. This highlights the weak influence of %6 wt% ACC on the macromechanical properties of Echinoderm calcite, which are likely established by its intricate and damage tolerant microstructure. When heating Echinoderm calcite, organics decompose, Mg calcite transforms, water is lost, and cracks and micropores form. All these processes are analyzed to exclude their influence on the mechanical properties, and it is imperative to consider them all. Only this way meaningful results can be achieved as these processes are temperature and dwelling time dependent and may even occur below 250 C.

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Sea urchin spines as a model-system for permeable, light-weight ceramics with graceful failure behavior. Part I. Mechanical behavior of sea urchin spines under compression

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

Lessons from Nature for the Construction of Ceramic Cellular Materials for Superior Energy Absorption

On the Relation of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate and the Macromechanical Properties of Sea Urchin Spines

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