The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced tonic flexion in mice. Here, I investigated the expression of PTZ-induced generalized clonic and tonic-clonic seizures in rats, using two potent NCX reverse mode inhibitors, KB-R7943 and SN-6 for NCX subtypes 3 (NCX3) and 1 (NCX1), respectively. Pretreatment with KB-R7943 (3, 10, 30 mg/kg; p.o.) significantly reduced the expression of PTZ-induced generalized seizures with clonic and tonic-clonic components in 12–62% and 25–62% of the treated animals, respectively. In the remaining animals that exhibited seizures, KB-R7943 (3 mg/kg; p.o.) pretreatment significantly delayed the onset of the first seizure episode and reduced the seizure severity. Following pretreatment with SN-6 (0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30 mg/kg; p.o.), clonic and tonic-clonic PTZ-induced generalized seizures were reduced in 25–50% and 38–63% of treated animals, respectively. SN-6 (0.3, 1, 3, mg/kg; p.o.) also significantly reduced PTZinduced seizure severity scores, but did not alter seizure latencies. KB-R7943 (3, 30 mg/kg; p.o.) or SN-6 (3, 30 mg/kg; p.o.) administration potentiated the sub-anticonvulsant dose of diazepam (2.5 mg/kg; i.p.) that suppresses clonic and tonic-clonic PTZ-induced seizures. These findings suggested that Ca2+ influx via the NCX in reverse mode contributes to a neuronal hyperexcitability that leads to clonic and tonic-clonic generalized seizures and that the NCX1 and NCX3 isoforms may serve as novel molecular targets for seizure suppression.