Seabed images from Southern Ocean shelf regions off the northern Antarctic Peninsula and in the southeastern Weddell Sea

Piepenburg, Dieter; Buschmann, Alexander; Driemel, Amelie; Grobe, Hannes; Gutt, Julian; Schumacher, Stefanie; Segelken-Voigt, Alexandra; Sieger, Rainer

doi:10.5194/essd-9-461-2017

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On average, single photos depicted a seabed area of 4.5 m 2 (standard deviation = 1.6 m 2 ) with an average pixel size of 0.46 mm × 0.45 mm. For a detailed description of the OFOS and its mode of operation during the PS81 cruise, see Piepenburg et al (2017). All seabed photos obtained during the PS81 expedition, including metadata, are publicly available from the ICSU World Data System PANGAEA (Piepenburg et al 2013).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic communities and their drivers: A spatial analysis off the Antarctic Peninsula

Gutt

Arndt

Kraan

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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Multiple environmental factors control benthic community patterns, and their relative importance varies with spatial scale. Since this variation is difficult to evaluate quantitatively, extensive sampling across a broad range of spatial scales is required. Here, we present a first case study on Southern Ocean shelf benthos, in which mega‐epibenthic communities and biota‐environment relationships have been explored at multiple spatial scales. The analyses encompassed 20 seafloor, water‐column, and sea‐ice parameters, as well as abundances of 18 mega‐epibenthic taxa in a total of 2799 high‐resolution seabed images taken at 28 stations at 32–786 m depth off the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Based on a priori nesting of sampling stations into ecoregions, subregions, and habitats, analyses indicated most pronounced patchiness levels at finest (within transects among adjacent seabed photos) and largest (among ecoregions) spatial scale considered. Using an alternative approach, explicitly involving the spatial distances between the geo‐referenced data, Moran's Eigenvector mapping (MEM) classified the continuum of spatial scales into four categories: broad (> 60 km), meso (10–60 km), small (2–10 km), and fine (< 2 km). MEM analyses generally indicated an increase in mega‐epibenthic community complexity with increasing spatial scale. Moreover, strong relationships between biota and environmental drivers were found at scales of > 2 km. In contrast, few environmental variables contributed to explaining biotic structures at finer scales. These are likely rather determined by nonmeasured environmental variables, as well as biological traits and interactions that are assumed to be most effective at small spatial scales.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic communities and their drivers: A spatial analysis off the Antarctic Peninsula

Gutt

Arndt

Kraan

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The OFOBS is a state-of-the-art towed camera and acoustic survey sled recently developed by the Deep Sea Ecology and Technology group of AWI for benthic polar research in ice-covered environments (Purser et al, 2018). The device was deployed during PS118 as described in Purser et al (2018), taking images under comparable illumination conditions, flight heights and with the same camera systems as were mounted on the OFOS sled during the PS86 and PS96 cruises in 2013 and 2015/16, respectively (Piepenburg et al, 2017). OFOBS positioning during deployments was carried out with the iXBlue POSIDONIA Ultra-Short Base Line (USBL) system used by RV Polarstern, localising the relative position of the OFOBS to the vessel (itself deriving its position from a satellite based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).…”

Section: Ocean Floor Observation and Bathymetry System (Ofobs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PS118 OFOBS data was collected with the same cameras, illumination regime and deployment protocols as mounted on the previous AWI towed camera sled system, (Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS)), used to survey the Antarctic seafloor during previous recent RV Polarstern expeditions (Piepenburg et al, 2017), such as PS81, also to the western Weddell Sea area in 2013 (Gutt, 2013;Gutt et al, 2016) and PS96, to the southeastern Weddell Sea in 2015/16 . By continuing to mount the same camera systems, observations made during PS118 can be most readily compared with those made during the previous expeditions, uncomplicated by methodological problems relating to variabilities in camera performance, flight height or illumination (Schoening et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seabed video and still images from the northern Weddell Sea and the western flanks of the Powell Basin

Purser¹,

Dreutter²,

Griffiths³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Research vessels equipped with fibreoptic and copper cored coaxial cables support the live onboard inspection of high-bandwidth marine data in real-time. This allows towed still image and video sleds to be equipped with latest generation higher resolution digital camera systems and additional sensors. During RV Polarstern expedition PS118 in February–April 2019, the recently developed Ocean Floor Observation and Bathymetry System (OFOBS) of the Alfred Wegener Institute was used to collect still and video image data from the seafloor at a total of 11 ice covered locations in the northern Weddell Sea and Powell Basin. Still images of 26 megapixel resolution and HD quality video data were recorded throughout each deployment. In addition to downward facing video and still image cameras, OFOBS also mounted sidescan and forward-facing acoustic systems, which facilitated safe deployment in areas of high topographic complexity, such as above the steep flanks of the Powell Basin and the rapidly shallowing, iceberg scoured Nachtigaller Shoal. To localise collected data, the OFOBS system was equipped with a POSIDONIA transponder for Ultra Short Baseline triangulation of OFOBS positions. All images are available from: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.911904 (Purser et al., 2020).

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“…The development of remote imaging systems allows for the non-destructive characterization of shelf fauna on significantly wider spatial scales (Grange and Smith, 2013;Piepenburg et al, 2017). Used together direct and remote sampling techniques provide powerful tools for comparing benthic species assemblages on both small and wide spatial scales that may be tracked over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the OFOS system, image size varies based on distance from the seabed and is calculated for each image (median = 5.4 m 2 ). Salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll α readings at maximum depth were collected by CTD (see Segelken-Voigt et al, 2016;Piepenburg et al, 2017; for sampling details). OFOS transects included a subset from the Palmer Archipelago where it borders the Scotia Sea (n = four), but the majority of the OFOS transects were conducted throughout the Weddell Sea (n = 16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf

et al. 2018

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In some areas of the Antarctic shelf, bryozoans are abundant, acting as ecosystem engineers creating secondary structures with wide benthic coverage and harboring numerous other species. As the combined forces of global warming and ocean acidification threaten these habitats, we measured the composition of habitat-forming bryozoan communities using two techniques for imaging the sea floor, a YoYo-camera system and the AWI Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS). YoYo-camera transects of the Bellingshausen, Amundsen, and Ross Seas were conducted during a research cruise on the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer in 2013. OFOS transects included sites in the northern Palmer Archipelago where it borders the Scotia Sea and the Weddell Sea as part of the DynAMO project during the PS81 and PS96 cruises of R/V Polarstern in 2013 and 2015-16, respectively. Areas of bryozoan colonies were measured from the sea floor images using machine-learning algorithms available through the Trainable Weka Segmentation plugin developed for FIJI software. Habitat-forming bryozoan communities in the Palmer Archipelago and Ross Sea were largely composed of anascan flustrid species with finely mineralized skeletons, and to a lesser extent by other ascophoran lepraliomorph and umbonulomorph species having more robustly mineralized skeletons. Although habitat-forming bryozoan communities in the shallower (200 m) sites of the Weddell Sea also contained flustrid species, percent area and composition of flustrid bryozoans declined with increasing depth. Lepraliomorph and umbonulomorph bryozoan morphotypes were more abundant in the Weddell Sea, maintaining their relative percent area and increasing their percent composition between 200 − 400 m. Moreover, our analyses of species composition based on externally gathered datasets show similar trends among sites, depths, and degrees of colony mineralization to our seabed imaging study. Variation present in the bryozoan species compositions of the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas suggest that these areas potentially represent divergent bryozoan communities requiring further validation via remote imaging surveys. Overall, compositional differences among Antarctic habitat-forming bryozoan communities are likely influenced by the combined effects of seasonal ice scour and carbonate chemistry, which in an increasingly acidified and warming ocean may put the communities of the eastern Weddell Sea at greater risk.

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Seabed images from Southern Ocean shelf regions off the northern Antarctic Peninsula and in the southeastern Weddell Sea

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Benthic communities and their drivers: A spatial analysis off the Antarctic Peninsula

Benthic communities and their drivers: A spatial analysis off the Antarctic Peninsula

Seabed video and still images from the northern Weddell Sea and the western flanks of the Powell Basin

Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf

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