Seabed-Rock-Layer Electromagnetic Communication Channel Model with Low Path Loss Based on Evanescent Wave

Nie, Zhiqiang; Wang, S. L.; Chen, D. H.; Deng, Tian

doi:10.13164/re.2018.0431

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…e phenomenon is depicted in Figure 1. Similarly, a wave propagation modeling at the seawater-seabed interface can be monitored for the deeply submerged transceiver [23]. e sudden change in conductivity at the seawater-air interface instead of the seawater-seabed interface distinguishes the two events.…”

Section: Em Modeling For Conductive Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Waves Analysis of Efficient Underwater Radio-Based Wireless Link

Rauf

Jamil

Idrees

et al. 2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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The domain of underwater wireless communication (UWC) link is gaining much attention due to an increase in various underwater activities such as offshore hydrocarbon exploration, underwater unmanned vehicles (UUV), and military practices. Increased bandwidth and a reliable data link are mainly required for such activities. Both requirements of the domain are heavily affected by the highly conductive property of the seawater. This paper demonstrates the performance evaluation of radiofrequency-UWC, focusing on surface wave analysis, to propose a reliable solution for offshore activities. A constructive interference scheme can be useful due to the sharp difference in the properties of the two mediums (air and seawater). To that end, an experimental setup is created, and a corresponding finite element method (FEM) based simulation of the radio-based wireless link is run. This is because it has higher bandwidth and speed than acoustic and optical approaches. A conduction current mechanism transmits and receives data in a synthetic water tank containing a prepared conductive media (saltwater). The study of changing depths of transmitter-receiver nodes in saltwater shows that surface waves cause significant noise reception in shallow water (less than dipole length, below water level). During a series of experiments in the tank, the lowest bit error rate (BER) is observed only when the node’s submerged height was greater than dipole length. As a result, it is meant to provide a genuine data channel model. The discovery and analysis will aid in the development of a dependable underwater data link, with applications including short-range diver-to-diver communication, and UUV capability.

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Section: Em Modeling For Conductive Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Waves Analysis of Efficient Underwater Radio-Based Wireless Link

Rauf

Jamil

Idrees

et al. 2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…Another study at higher frequencies reported some feasibility of using EMW in underwater systems using the unlicensed the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands, which are 6.7 MHz, 433 MHz and 2.4 GHz (Abdou et al, 2011). Investigations on alternative underwater EMW propagation other than LOS are also reported, such as in Nie et al (2018), where a sea-rock-layer propagation model is analyzed by simulation, using narrowband signal up to 150 kHz. The proposed model marked a 1/20 path loss compared to the LOS configuration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrowband and wideband EMW path loss in underwater wireless sensor network

Zali

Mahmood

Pasya

et al. 2021

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Purpose Utilization of electromagnetic wave (EMW) sensors in an underwater environment has the potential to increase the data rate compared to acoustic-based sensors because of the ability to use larger signal bandwidth. Nevertheless, EMW signals has the drawback of large signal attenuation in underwater, attributed to the high relative permittivity and conductivity of water compared to the atmosphere, hence employment of wide signal bandwidth is necessary to balance the data rate-attenuation trade-off. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of both narrowband and wideband EMW signal propagation underwater and devise a path loss model for both cases. Design/methodology/approach Path loss measurement was conducted using a point-to-point configuration in a laboratory water tank while transmitting narrowband and wideband signals between a pair of wideband underwater antennas. The wideband underwater antennas use buffer-layer structures as the impedance matching layer to optimize the antenna performance when operating underwater. The path loss for narrowband signal was modeled using a multi-layer propagation equation in lossy medium considering losses at the medium boundaries. For the case of the wideband signal, a modified version of the model introducing power integration over bandwidth is adopted. These models were formulated through numerical simulations and verified by measurements. Findings The measured narrowband path loss marked an 80 dB attenuation using 800 MHz at 2 m distance. The proposed narrowband model agrees well with the measurements, with approximately 3 dB modeling error. Utilization of the proposed wideband path loss model resulted in a reduction of the gradient of the path loss curve compared to the case of the narrowband signal. The measured wideband path loss at 2 m distance underwater was approximately −65 dB, which has been shown to enable a working signal-to-noise ratio of 15 dB. This proves the potential of realizing high data rate transmission using the wideband signal. Originality/value The paper proposed a wideband propagation model for an underwater EMW sensor network, using power integration over bandwidth. The effectiveness of using wideband EMW signals in reducing path loss is highlighted, which is seldom discussed in the literature. This result will be of useful reference for using wideband signals in designing a high data rate transmission system in underwater wireless sensor networks, for example, in link budget, performance estimation and parameter design of suitable transmission scheme.

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