Seabirds as monitors of upper-ocean thermal structure. King penguins at the Antarctic polar front, east of Kerguelen sector

Koudil, Malik; Charrassin, Jean‐Benoît; Maho, Yvon Le; Bost, Charles‐André

doi:10.1016/s0764-4469(00)00144-x

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The day corresponding to the most distant location was assumed to correspond to the minimal temperature recorded, as King penguin foraging trips at Kerguelen are generally associated with a decrease in sea surface temperature during the outward journey up to the maximal foraging distance. Temperaturedepth records obtained from TDR-equipped penguins indicated that the birds had generally foraged in a south-eastward direction, overlapping the range of penguins fitted with satellite transmitters, except for one having foraged farther south (see Koudil et al 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding of diving predators and diel vertical migration of prey: King penguin diet versus trawl sampling at Kerguelen Islands

Bost¹,

Zorn²,

Maho³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The diving behavior and diet composition of King penguins were examined during summer 1995 at Kerguelen Islands. This was in relation to real-time estimations of diel prey availability during 2 sampling sessions totaling 10 d at sea. During daylight hours King penguins performed medium to deep dives of 120-250 m. At night, they dived no deeper than 60 m. Daytime, dusk and night-time sampling of prey was performed in the depth ranges corresponding to the depths of the penguins' dives in this study. The diversity in mesopelagic fish was found to be highest during the night at 0-50 m (15 vs 9 species during the day), and their number was up to 20-fold higher at these depths at night than during the day at the 150-250 m depth layer. The 3 myctophid species Electrona antarctica, Gymnoscopelus fraseri and G. braueri which were present in large sub-surface numbers during the night were virtually absent from the penguins' diet. The 2 species dominant in their diet, Muraenolepis marmoratus and Krefftichtys anderssoni (56.5 and 32.9% by number, 30.3 and 31.6% by biomass, respectively), were scarcely detected in the penguins' diving range during the night. In contrast, these 2 species, of which only the latter is bioluminescent, were significantly present during the day in the 0-300 m depth range (16.5 and 30.0% of the diurnal catches by number, respectively). In terms of biomass, these 2 prey types constituted only 6.3 and 12.6% of the total daylight trawls, which were dominated by the genus Protomyctophym (38.6% of the catches). The overlap between the penguins' diet and trawl content was the most significant with daylight sampled data. King penguin feeding success seems mostly dependent on deep dives during the day, despite lower prey availability than during the night. Ambient light levels, which were found to be higher at deeper depths (150-180 m) during the day compared to the sub-surface (0-60 m) at night-time, therefore appear to better determine King penguin foraging success than diel migration of prey to shallow depths. KEY WORDS: King penguins · Diet · Diel vertical migration · Myctophids · Foraging behaviorResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding of diving predators and diel vertical migration of prey: King penguin diet versus trawl sampling at Kerguelen Islands

Bost¹,

Zorn²,

Maho³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Measurement of seabird internal temperature (Woakes et al 1995) has, inter alia, stimulated debate about deep body temperature cooling to enhance diving capacity (Handrich et al 1997). Measurements showing the overall flexibility of seabird body temperatures have led to propositions that the costs of homeothermy may be offset by storing muscle-generated heat (Wilson & Grémillet 1996), while measurement of external temperature (Koudil et al 2000, Watanuki et al 2001 has enabled researchers to define the environment in which birds operate and the metabolic consequences of this (Croll & McLaren 1993, Handrich et al 1997, Enstipp et al 2006, Niizuma et al 2007). The proxy approach has, in contrast, used changes that occur in environmental temperature to infer seabird behaviour, for example to detect when birds are on the water or flying (e.g.…”

Section: Sensor Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological innovation in archival tags used in seabird research

Wilson¹,

Vandenabeele²

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The first archival tags were used on seabirds in the 1960s. Since that time, when recording systems were primitive, various technological advances, culminating in solid state devices, have provided the seabird research community with extraordinarily sophisticated and powerful tags. This work documents the progress and development of archival tags used on seabirds. Major advances and the insights that these have provided into seabird behavioural ecology are highlighted, followed by an examination of the current limitations to our ability to study seabird ecology and speculation on what the future will bring to this exciting and dynamic field.

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“…King penguins are pelagic diving seabirds that breed in dense colonies in sub-Antarctic areas. Penguins reproducing on Kerguelen Island forage for extended periods (~16 days during the incubation period, 9 days during the brooding period) and far from the colony with a mean foraging range of 260 km [range: 129-400 km (Koudil et al, 2000;Bost et al, 2002)]. …”

Section: Study Area and Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental birds were then equipped with either an externally attached Argos satellite platform transmitter signal (PTT, model Kiwisat 101, Sirtrack, Havelock, New Zealand; dimensions: 130ϫ28ϫ14mm; weight: 77g) or a time-depth recorder (TDR, Mk6 Wildlife computers, Redmond, WA, USA; dimensions: 70ϫ38ϫ51 mm; weight: 125 g) that aimed to record their foraging behaviour at sea (Koudil et al, 2000;Bost et al, 2002;Charrassin et al, 2004). These loggers were attached on the mid-line of the bird's back, glued to the feathers using a cyanoacrylate adhesive (Loctite 420, Avon, OH, USA) and secured by cable ties.…”

Section: Capture Blood Sampling and Handicapping Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, we examined the effects of our manipulation on CORT levels. Chick-rearing King Penguins are an appropriate species on which to test the 'food intake hypothesis' because they alternate episodes of fasting on the nest with episodes of foraging at sea [~9 days each (Charassin et al, 1998;Koudil et al, 2000;Bost et al, 2002)]. Therefore, it is easy to monitor the influence of food acquisition on CORT levels in this species by sampling the same individual before and after a foraging trip (pre-trip and post-trip CORT levels).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are stress hormone levels a good proxy of foraging success? An experiment with King Penguins,Aptenodytes patagonicus

Angelier

Giraudeau

Bost

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYIn seabirds, variations in stress hormone (corticosterone; henceforth CORT) levels have been shown to reflect changing marine conditions and, especially, changes in food availability. However, it remains unclear how CORT levels can be mechanistically affected by these changes at the individual level. Specifically, the influence of food acquisition and foraging success on CORT secretion is poorly understood. In this study, we tested whether food acquisition can reduce baseline CORT levels ('the food intake hypothesis') by experimentally reducing foraging success of King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus). Although CORT levels overall decreased during a foraging trip, CORT levels did not differ between experimental birds and controls. These results demonstrate that mass gain at sea is not involved in changes in baseline CORT levels in this species. The overall decrease in CORT levels during a foraging trip could result from CORT-mediated energy regulation ('the energy utilisation hypothesis'). Along with other evidence, we suggest that the influence of foraging success and food intake on CORT levels is complex and that the ecological meaning of baseline CORT levels can definitely vary between species and ecological contexts. Therefore, further studies are needed to better understand (1) how baseline CORT levels are functionally regulated according to energetic status and energetic demands and (2) to what extent CORT can be used to aid in the conservation of seabird populations.

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Seabirds as monitors of upper-ocean thermal structure. King penguins at the Antarctic polar front, east of Kerguelen sector

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Feeding of diving predators and diel vertical migration of prey: King penguin diet versus trawl sampling at Kerguelen Islands

Feeding of diving predators and diel vertical migration of prey: King penguin diet versus trawl sampling at Kerguelen Islands

Technological innovation in archival tags used in seabird research

Are stress hormone levels a good proxy of foraging success? An experiment with King Penguins,Aptenodytes patagonicus

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