Seafloor bioalteration of sulfide minerals: results from in situ incubation studies

Edwards, Katrina J.; McCollom, T. M.; Konishi, Hiromi; Buseck, Peter R.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(03)00089-9

Cited by 132 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The importance of FeOB in marine environments has been recently recognized. The twisted stalk morphology has been observed in mats or precipitates at deep-sea hydrothermal environments such as seamounts 54 or spreading centres [55][56][57] and in shallow hydrothermal ferruginous sediments 58,59 . Although the twisted stalks are formed at relatively low temperatures, our results show that they will be potentially preserved even if T-P conditions change over time, for example, because of a change in the local hydrothermal regime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental diagenesis of organo-mineral structures formed by microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria

et al. 2015

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Twisted stalks are organo-mineral structures produced by some microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria at O 2 concentrations as low as 3 mM. The presence of these structures in rocks having experienced a diagenetic history could indicate microbial Fe(II)-oxidizing activity as well as localized abundance of oxygen at the time of sediment deposition. Here we use spectroscopy and analytical microscopy to evaluate if-and what kind of-transformations occur in twisted stalks through experimental diagenesis. Unique mineral textures appear on stalks as temperature and pressure conditions increase. Haematite and magnetite form from ferrihydrite at 170°C-120 MPa. Yet the twisted morphology of the stalks, and the organic matrix, mainly composed of long-chain saturated aliphatic compounds, are preserved at 250°C-140 MPa. Our results suggest that iron minerals might play a role in maintaining the structural and chemical integrity of stalks under diagenetic conditions and provide spectroscopic signatures for the search of ancient life in the rock record.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental diagenesis of organo-mineral structures formed by microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria

et al. 2015

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“…Hydrothermal iron inputs to the global deep ocean rival what is delivered to the oceans from riverine sources (605). Similarly, Fe that is released from rock and minerals in the deep ocean during oxidative alteration has been shown to support activities of Fe-oxidizing bacteria (26,(132)(133)(134). Fe(II) is the most abundant reduced element in Earth's crust and makes up 7 wt%, on average, of the elemental abundance of the ocean crust underlying the oceans (26); consequently, reactions between oxygen and Fe are commonly catalyzed by microbes, although this process is poorly studied.…”

Section: Electron Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Ecology of the Dark Ocean above, at, and below the Seafloor

Orcutt

Sylvan

Knab

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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603

499

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SUMMARY The majority of life on Earth—notably, microbial life—occurs in places that do not receive sunlight, with the habitats of the oceans being the largest of these reservoirs. Sunlight penetrates only a few tens to hundreds of meters into the ocean, resulting in large-scale microbial ecosystems that function in the dark. Our knowledge of microbial processes in the dark ocean—the aphotic pelagic ocean, sediments, oceanic crust, hydrothermal vents, etc.—has increased substantially in recent decades. Studies that try to decipher the activity of microorganisms in the dark ocean, where we cannot easily observe them, are yielding paradigm-shifting discoveries that are fundamentally changing our understanding of the role of the dark ocean in the global Earth system and its biogeochemical cycles. New generations of researchers and experimental tools have emerged, in the last decade in particular, owing to dedicated research programs to explore the dark ocean biosphere. This review focuses on our current understanding of microbiology in the dark ocean, outlining salient features of various habitats and discussing known and still unexplored types of microbial metabolism and their consequences in global biogeochemical cycling. We also focus on patterns of microbial diversity in the dark ocean and on processes and communities that are characteristic of the different habitats.

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“…Some chambers are connected to osmotic pumps that introduce a slow and steady flow of formation fluids, whereas other chambers are passively open to the formation. Microorganisms in the borehole fluids may preferentially colonize various rock and mineral substrates on the basis of favored mineral-fluid redox reactions (e.g., Edwards et al, 2003). Connection of the outflow of the chambers to an OsmoSampler sampling coil provides a temporal record of chemical changes during deployment, and comparison of these fluids to those collected with standard OsmoSampler fluids may elucidate biogeochemical reactions occurring within the chambers.…”

Section: Microbiological Growth Incubatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, deployment, and status of borehole observatory systems used for single-hole and cross-hole experiments, IODP Expedition 327, eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge

Fisher¹,

Wheat²,

Becker³

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the IODP

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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 327 installed two new subseafloor borehole observatory systems ("CORKs") in 3.5 m.y. old upper ocean crust on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge in Holes U1362A and U1362B. Expedition 327 participants also recovered part of an instrument string previously deployed in a CORK in Hole U1301B and deployed a short replacement string. These observatories are part of a network of six CORKs that was designed to monitor, sample, and complete multidisciplinary cross-hole experiments. We present an overview of project goals and describe the design, construction, and deployment of new CORK systems. We also provide an update on the status of preexisting CORK systems as of the start of Expedition 327. Additional CORK servicing and sampling are scheduled for summer 2011 and 2012, including a long-term free-flow perturbation experiment that will test the large-scale directional properties of the upper ocean crust around the observatories. Motivation, background, and overview of experimental design Long-term borehole observatory systemsSubseafloor borehole observatory systems ("CORKs") are designed to (1) seal one or more depth intervals of a borehole so that thermal, pressure, chemical, and microbiological conditions can equilibrate following the dissipation of drilling and other operational disturbances; (2) facilitate collection of fluid and microbiological samples and temperature and pressure data using autonomous samplers and data logging systems; and (3) serve as longterm monitoring points for large-scale crustal testing, including formation response to perturbation experiments Davis et al., 1992a;. The development of CORK systems was motivated by the desire to address a broad range of scientific objectives that have been the focus of scientific ocean drilling for decades, particularly those associated with submarine hydrogeology, lithospheric and hydrothermal fluid evolu-

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Seafloor bioalteration of sulfide minerals: results from in situ incubation studies

Cited by 132 publications

References 48 publications

Experimental diagenesis of organo-mineral structures formed by microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria

Experimental diagenesis of organo-mineral structures formed by microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria

Microbial Ecology of the Dark Ocean above, at, and below the Seafloor

Design, deployment, and status of borehole observatory systems used for single-hole and cross-hole experiments, IODP Expedition 327, eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge

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