Seafood Consumption, Omega-3 Fatty Acids Intake, and Life-Time Prevalence of Depression in the PREDIMED-Plus Trial

Abstract

Background: The aim of this analysis was to ascertain the type of relationship between fish and seafood consumption, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) intake, and depression prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Fish and seafood consumption and ω-3 PUFA intake were assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Self-reported life-time medical diagnosis of depression or use of antidepressants was considered as outcome. Depressive symptoms were collected by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between seafood products and ω-3 PUFA consumption and depression. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to assess the association between fish and long-chain (LC) ω-3 PUFA intake and depressive symptoms. Results: Out of 6587 participants, there were 1367 cases of depression. Total seafood consumption was not associated with depression. The odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quintiles of consumption of fatty fish were 0.77 (0.63–0.94), 0.71 (0.58–0.87), and 0.78 (0.64–0.96), respectively, and p for trend = 0.759. Moderate intake of total LC ω-3 PUFA (approximately 0.5–1 g/day) was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of depression. Conclusion: In our study, moderate fish and LC ω-3 PUFA intake, but not high intake, was associated with lower odds of depression suggesting a U-shaped relationship.

The Relationship of the Atlantic Diet with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Markers of Arterial Stiffness in Adults without Cardiovascular Disease

“…However, although AD has also been observed to have significant positive effects on health, there is no widely used questionnaire to assess compliance with its recommendations. The index created by our group, presented in this manuscript, includes all these recommendations, adapting the responses to a food frequency questionnaire widely used in other research [30,31]. The composition and validation of an AD adherence questionnaire using this index may be of interest in initiating a debate in which both dietary patterns (Mediterranean and Atlantic) can be compared in terms of predicting cardiovascular disease.…”

The Mediterranean Diet: From an Environment-Driven Food Culture to an Emerging Medical Prescription

“…Research aimed at evaluating the combined benefits achieved by associating the Mediterranean eating pattern with systematic induction of weight loss is also under way. A large randomized clinical trial, PREDIMED-PLUS, conducted by the same team of Spanish investigators as PREDIMED and using the same type of Mediterranean-style dietary interventions combined with a three-point weight-loss intervention consisting of restriction of energy intake, physical activity recommendations, and behavioral modifications, finished randomization of 6874 participants in December 2016 and is expected to close in March 2022; design of the study, some baselines, and cross-sectional analyses in PREDIMED-PLUS have recently been published [102,103,104,105,106].…”

Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications

“…Nonetheless, Smith et al (2017) demonstrated that a low-dose of DHA reduced depression and, interestingly, decreased insomnia, leading to a much-elevated quality of life [129]. In a cross-sectional analysis, a moderate dietary intake of omega-3 PUFAs was associated with a lower prevalence of depression [130]. It was noteworthy that patients with schizophrenia and depression displayed a low erythrocyte omega-3 index [131].…”