Sealability of Different Root Canal Nanosealers: Nano Calcium Hydroxide and Nano Bioactive Glass

Abstract

Background:The success of the endodontic treatment is largely dependent on the sealing achieved by root canal obturation. The application of sealer fills imperfections and increases adaptation of the root filling to the canal walls. Aim:To evaluate the sealability of experimental nanosealers (nano calcium hydroxide and nano bioactive glass) and to compare it with the commercial zinc oxide eugenol sealer using a dye penetration method. Materials and Methods:Sixty single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected. The tooth crowns were removed so as to obtain standardized 15-mm-long root specimens. The root canal was instrumented with Protaper Ni-Ti rotary file and the final file size was up to # F4/.06 (in vitro study). They were then randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 specimens each (n=20) according to the sealer used for obturation, and all samples were filled with single cone guttapercha (#40/06) and one of the tested sealers. All teeth were coated with nail polish and then suspended in 2% methylene blue dye for 7 days. Stereo-microscope (x10) was used to evaluate the sealability of newly introduced nanosealers. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test followed by post hoc analysis (P < 0.05). Results:Significant improvement shown by the presented study suggests that nano calcium hydroxide sealer showed significantly less dye leakage than nano bioactive glass sealer and zinc oxide eugenol sealer. Conclusion:The results of this study showed that the synthesized nano-powder sealers are suitable for use in root canal therapy to prevent leakage.The root canal can be sealed better by using smaller nano-powder particle sizes. In addition, the two groups exhibited significant differences in leakage in comparison with commonly used ZOE sealer.

Setting Time, Flowability, and Solubility of Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer Mixed With Chitosan Nanoparticles

“…According to previous investigators, an endodontic sealer should have a moderate flow rate since undue flow enhances the risk of extravasation and deficient flow decreases the sealer penetration in accessory canals. Additionally, flowability is an essential factor in achieving hermetic seal of root canal obturation because low flow within the working time may induce endodontic sealer to reach seal the apical foramen and lateral dentinal wall irregularities [9]. Conversely, high flowability might result in extrusion of sealer through the apical foramen to the periapical tissues, thereby compromise healing [26,27].…”

“…The epoxy resin-based sealer has recently been popular as root canal obturation material because it has several beneficial properties such as good apical closure, adequate flowability, low setting time, and solubility [4,7]. However, according to previous studies, the epoxy resin-based sealer has low antibacterial properties; hence the possibility of adding a high antibacterial material to the epoxy resin-based sealer might enhance its antibacterial property [8][9][10]. Besides, the addition of nano-sized fillers into the resin-based sealer could increase the bond strength between the sealer and the root canal dentin, leading to enhance apical sealing ability [11].…”

Evaluation of the apical microleakage of three different root-end filling materials

“…Roots were instrumented by Protaper universal system for time saving and better standardization of instrumentation (20) . Quality of the apical seal obtained by root end filling materials has been assessed by different techniques, all of which have some drawbacks (3) .…”

“…Dye penetration test is the most commonly used test, this popularity comes from its simplicity and reliability for assessment of microleakage of rootend filling materials (6) . In current study, methylene blue dye had been favorable for the evaluation of microleakage due to having a molecular size comparable or smaller than that of bacterial products (20) .…”

“…Roots were then sectioned bucco-lingually in a longitudinal direction using Isomet 4000 microsaw (Buehler USA) with diamond disc 0.3 mm thickness (Buehler USA). The dye penetration was detected for each sample from the apex to the most coronal extent of the dye penetration by using Stereomicroscope (Nikon MA 100 Japan) image analysis by Omnimete software Buehler (15,16) .…”