Search asymmetries for threatening faces in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Wilson, Duncan A.; Tomonaga, Masaki

doi:10.1037/com0000302

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…And third, the visual search for numerosity should be examined from the comparative perspective. Previous studies demonstrated search asymmetries in various stimuli in chimpanzees (Tomonaga, 1993(Tomonaga, , 2001aWilson & Tomonaga, 2022), including search asymmetries related to quantity (e.g., more is easier to find; Tomonaga, 2001a). Do chimpanzees show search asymmetry for numerosity as observed in humans?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Attention to inattention: Effect of the other's attentional state on visual search performance in chimpanzees

Tomonaga¹,

Imura²

2023

Preprint

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In the present study, we examined the effects of the other's triadic attention to objects on visual search performances in chimpanzees. We found the search-asymmetry-like effect of the other's attentional state; the chimpanzees searched a target object not attended by the other individual more efficiently than that attended (Experiment 1). Additional experiments explored the possibility that the other individual "holding an object but not looking at it" led to expectancy violation (Experiment 2) or the role of nonsocial cues such as the proximity relation between the head and the object (Experiment 3). Still, these accounts alone did not explain this effect. It was also shown that the other's attentional state affected the chimpanzees' performances more readily as the interference effect than the facilitation effect (Experiment 4). Furthermore, the same effect was observed in the visual search for the gaze (head direction) of others (Experiment 5). We obtained the same results using photographs of chimpanzees (Experiment 6). Contrary to the chimpanzees, humans detected the object to which attention was directed more efficiently than vice versa (Experiment 7). The present results may reflect species differences between chimpanzees and humans in processing triadic social attention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Attention to inattention: Effect of the other's attentional state on visual search performance in chimpanzees

Tomonaga¹,

Imura²

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…And third, the visual search for numerosity should be examined from the comparative perspective. Previous studies demonstrated search asymmetries in various stimuli in chimpanzees (Tomonaga, 1993, 2001a, 2001b; Tomonaga & Imura, 2010; Wilson & Tomonaga, 2022), including search asymmetries related to quantity (e.g., more is easier to find; Tomonaga, 2001a). Do chimpanzees show search asymmetry for numerosity as observed in humans?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Attention to inattention: Effect of the other’s attentional state on visual search performance in chimpanzees

Tomonaga

Imura

2023

Perception

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In the present study, we examined the effects of the other’s triadic attention to objects on visual search performances in chimpanzees. We found the search-asymmetry-like effect of the other’s attentional state; the chimpanzees searched a target object not attended by the other individual more efficiently than that attended (Experiment 1). Additional experiments explored the possibility that the other individual “holding an object but not looking at it” led to expectancy violation (Experiment 2) or the role of nonsocial cues such as the proximity relation between the head and the object (Experiment 3). Still, these accounts alone did not explain this effect. It was also shown that the other’s attentional state affected the chimpanzees’ performances more readily as the interference effect than the facilitation effect (Experiment 4). Furthermore, the same effect was observed in the visual search for the gaze (head direction) of others (Experiment 5). We obtained the same results using photographs of chimpanzees (Experiment 6). Contrary to the chimpanzees, humans detected the object to which attention was directed more efficiently than vice versa (Experiment 7). The present results may reflect species differences between chimpanzees and humans in processing triadic social attention.

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“…The first is the "easy" task in which the distractors were uniform, and the second is the "difficult" task in which distractors were different from each other. In the previous studies, chimpanzees showed a clear difference in performance between these two task conditions (Tomonaga & Imura 2015;Tomonaga & Kawakami 2022;Wilson & Tomonaga 2022). These two types of trials alternately appeared during a 48-trial session.…”

Section: Procedures Visual-search Taskmentioning

confidence: 88%

Don't look back on failure: spontaneous uncertainty monitoring in chimpanzees

et al. 2023

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During computer-controlled cognitive tasks, chimpanzees often look up the food dispenser which activates at the same time as feedback for the correct choice but not for feedback for the incorrect choice. Do these "looking back" behaviors also indicate signs of spontaneous monitoring of their confidence in their choices? To address this question, we delayed the feedback for 1s after their choice responses and observed their look-back behaviors during the delay period. Two chimpanzees looked up the food dispenser significantly less frequently when their choice was incorrect (but the feedback was not given) than when it was correct. These look-back behaviors have not been explicitly trained under experimental contexts. Therefore, these results indicate that chimpanzees spontaneously change the frequency of their look-back behaviors in response to the correctness or incorrectness of their own choices, even without external feedback, suggesting that their look-back behaviors may reflect the level of "confidence" or "uncertainty" of their responses immediately before.

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Search asymmetries for threatening faces in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Cited by 7 publications

References 95 publications

Attention to inattention: Effect of the other's attentional state on visual search performance in chimpanzees

Attention to inattention: Effect of the other's attentional state on visual search performance in chimpanzees

Attention to inattention: Effect of the other’s attentional state on visual search performance in chimpanzees

Don't look back on failure: spontaneous uncertainty monitoring in chimpanzees

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